Application Test Methods

the stiffness was measured by the Handle-O-Meter (1ST 90.3), where a fabric specimen is pushed through a slot with a blade on an arm at a constant rate and the resultant force on the center point of the fabric measured. Dent [13] recently reported through theoretical analysis that the initial slope of the load-deflection curve 

Description IN DA standard test method EDANA recommended test method ASTM method ISO 

Guideline test methods for evaluating non-woven felt 1ST GL felts  

Resin binder distribution and penetration 1ST 50.1 ASTM D5908-96  

Appearance and integrity of highloft batting 1ST 50.2 ASTM D4770-00  

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Farage, M., Development of a modified forearm controlled application test method for evaluation the skin mildness of disposable wipe products, J. Cosmet. Sci. 51 153-167, 2000. 

Test methods and specifications Lists all applicable test methods and specifications List methods that will not be transferred by cross-over testing... 

A number of application test methods are discussed covering black jetness measurement, aluminium flake alignment and the usefulness of zeta potential is demonstrated in assessing dispersion stability. 

The hardness of a body is understood to be the mechanical resistance of this body to its penetration by another. A generally valid definition of hardness suitable for all materials does not exist neither are there generally applicable test methods. The various hardness scales, however, can be roughly related to each other (Table 11-6). 

Details on all types of tests (physical, chemical, optical, insulation, etc.) are in the ASTM test methods and standards (Figs. 10-5 and 10-6) (290). These procedures explain the reason for a test, how it is conducted, and how to interpret the results, and they sometimes provide information on long-term test results, and so on. With all the available tests, confusion could exist in deciding which test(s) should be conducted. After a problem or potential problem is determined, examine and study the applicable test methods and conduct preliminary tests. 

The hardness of a body is generally understood to be its mechanical resistance to the penetration of a needle, a sphere, etc. A definition of hardness which is generally valid and suitable for all materials does not yet exist, and, as a result, there is no generally applicable test method. 

Applicable test methods can be found in the following publications ... 

Applicable test methods include [28] Continuous Salt Spray Tests (ASTM B 117), Neutral Salt Spray Test (ASTM B 117), Acetic Acid Salt Spray Test, Copper-Accelerated Salt Spray Test (CASS) (ASTM B 368), Cyclic Salt Spray Tests, the Copper Development Association (CDA) Test, the Hitachi Salt Spray Test, Climate Tests, The Humidity Test, The International Electrotechnical Commission/Intemational Organization for Standardization (lEC/ISO) Test and Mud Test. 

In the selection of a sealant or caulk, the methodology of performance evaluation must be understood. The performance data by the manufacturer must be quantifiable and comparable to other materials. A method must be used to determine the appropriateness of a sealant or caulk in a specific application. Test methods and specifications have been established by the ASTM, Bureau of Standards, Adhesive and Sealant Council, and other agencies. 

Dillard DA (2005) In Packham DE (ed) Handbook of adhesion, 2nd edn. Wiley, Chichester EN 12004 2007 Adhesives for tiles. Requirements, evaluation of conformity, classification and designation EN 14256 2007 Adhesives for non-structural wood applications — Test method and requirements for resistance to static load... 

The following is a review of applicable test methods that can be used to measure some of the key parameters in gasoline range hydrocarbons. 

These specifications and characteristics are defined with references to standard test methods which the different parties to a contract should conduct for quality control. The tables that follow show specifically the standards that are applicable in France, but a more general table in Appendix 2 shows the main test methods commonly referenced in specifications. 

Special probe geometries and combinations of different types of magnetic field sensors make an important contribution to the further improvement of the eddy-current testing method and results in new applications. 

Application of magnetic fluids in ultrasonic non-destructive testing [1-3] opens the real perspectives for automation of the testing methods, based on the surface waves. This report presents the results of investigations aimed at the creation of the transducer of the surface waves for the automated control. The basic attention is drawn to the analysis of the position of the front meniscus of the contact liquid when the surface waves excite through the slot gap. 

After having proved the principles a dynamic test facility has been constructed. In this facility it is possible to inject 3 tracers in a flownng liquid consisting of air, oil and water. By changing the relative amounts of the different components it is possible to explore the phase diagram and asses the limits for the measurement principle. Experiments have confirmed the accuracy in parameter estimation to be below 10%, which is considered quite satisfactorily for practical applications. The method will be tested on site at an offshore installation this summer. 

Sweetness is often an important characteristic of sugar alcohols in food and pharmaceutical applications. The property of sweetness is measured in a variety of ways and has a corresponding variability in ratings (218). Based on one or more test methods, erythritol and xyfitol are similar to or sweeter than sucrose (218,219). Sorbitol is about 60% as sweet as sucrose, and mannitol, D-arabinitol, ribitol, maltitol, isomalt, and lactitol are generally comparable to sorbitol (see Sweeteners). 

While the carbon dioxide/caiistic test method has become accepted, one should use the results with caution. The chemical reaction masks the effect of physical absorption, and the relative values in the table may not hold for other cases, especially distillation applications where much of the resistance to mass transfer is in the gas phase. Background on this combination of physical and chemical absorption may Be found earher in the present section, under Absorption with Chemical Reaction. ... 

Many different test systems have been used to investigate the ability of chemicals to interact with components of the endocrine system. The usefulness and applicability of the available methods has been the subject of much debate. Four key texts are particularly helpful in reviewing and giving guidance on currently available test methods and strategies for testing EDs. ... 

Table 26.13 Properties of a typical epoxide moulding composition (BS 771 Test Methods where applicable)...

As should be apparent from the variety of applications, there are many test methods for hot melts, most of which are application specific. Many such tests were developed by adhesive suppliers and are proprietary to them. The use of standardized testing is most common for PSA tapes and labels. These tests are discussed elsewhere in this volume. 

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