Application of FTIR spectroscopy

Another illustrative example of the application of FTIR spectroscopy to problems of interest in adhesion science is provided by the work of Taylor and Boerio on plasma polymerized silica-like films as primers for structural adhesive bonding [15]. Mostly these films have been deposited in a microwave reactor using hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) as monomer and oxygen as the carrier gas. Transmission FTIR spectra of HMDSO monomer were characterized by strong... 

Identification of Intermediates Comparison with EPR Results. The most straightforward application of FTIR spectroscopy in studying the decomposition of UP is to identify reaction intermediates and track their intercon-... 

To assess the applicability of FTIR spectroscopy for determining ee values for a given substrate, especially with regard to accuracy, the best position at which isotopes are introduced needs to be determined. For illustration, the lipase- or esterase-catalyzed kinetic resolution of esters is considered here, although the method is not restricted to this type of reaction.13C labeling of carbonyl groups is ideal for several reasons ... 

D. Dolphin and A. Wick, Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy, John Wiley and Sons, 1977. J.R. Durig, Applications of FTIR spectroscopy, Elsevier, 1990. 

Kazarian SG. Application of FTIR spectroscopy to supercritical fluid drying, extraction and impregnation. Appl Spectrosc Rev 1997 32 301-348. 

Rather important work began at Ford Motor Company where in the late 60-ties Weinstock (1969) promoted the importance of OH reactions in the troposphere. In this laboratory Niki used a rather small photoreactor to develop the application of FTIR spectroscopy for quantitative investigation of atmospheric reactions in the laboratory (Niki et al, 1972 Wu et al, 1976 Niki et al, 1981). IR absorption spectroscopy was applied quite early to study chemical reactions of atmospheric interest (Stephens, 1958 Hanst, 1971), based mainly on mirror systems which allowed long path light absorption (White, 1942 1976 Herriott et al, 1964, 1965). However, real progress and success came with the application of modem FTIR spectrometers by Niki et al (1981) and further work in the Pitts group to quantitatively measure rate constants and products in photoreactors by long path FTIR absorption. 

The application of FTIR spectroscopy to the analysis of milk has been investigated, and its performance compared to that of conventional filter-based instrumentation [22]. Calibration of the FTIR spectrometer for the determination of fat, protein, lactose, and total solids was performed through the use of PLS. The FTIR method using modified Nicolet 510 research spectrometer was able to provide a four-component analysis of milk in 12 seconds per sample and met the AOAC specifications for milk analysis [22]. The results of this study demonstrated that the use of FTIR spectroscopy would allow payment laboratories to analyse for more components and with appropriate sample handling gain sample throughput speed. A commercial version of an FTIR milk analyser is presently on the market in Europe. An FTIR method for the direct determination of water in milk has also been reported [23]. 

Another potential area of application of FTIR spectroscopy is in the determination of the oxidative status or stability of an oil. Autoxidation is a major deteriorative reaction affecting edible fats and oils, and it is of major concern to processors and consumers from the standpoint of oil quality, as the oxidative breakdown products cause marked off flavours in an oil. A wide range of end products are associated with the autoxidative deterioration of fats and oils, the most important being hydroperoxides, alcohols, and aldehydes. Moisture, hydrocarbons, free fatty acids and esters, ketones, lactones, furans, and other minor products may also be produced, with the free fatty acids becoming more important in thermally stressed oils. In addition, there is significant cis to trans isomerisation and conjugation of double bonds in the hydroperoxides formed as an oil oxidises. 

Other applications of FTIR spectroscopy related to the assessment of the oxidative state of fats and oils are expected to be forthcoming shortly. The evaluation of total carbonyl content is an obvious candidate, and it may also prove possible, through the use of PLS, to estabhsh correlations between... 

At the higher current density, Reaction 1.26 was rate determining. The adsorbed C02 ion present in the mechanism was discovered in the electrode in an early application of FTIR spectroscopy applied to mechanism analysis. 

Durig JR ed.. Applications of FTIR Spectroscopy Vibrational Spectra and Structure A Series of Advances, 18, 1990. 

Many applications of FTIR spectroscopy and microscopy can be found by searching the websites of major instrument manufacturers. 

M. Comae, A. Janin and J.C. LavaUey, Application of FTIR spectroscopy to the study of sulfidation of molybdenum catalysts supported on alumina or siUca (4000-400 cm range), Infrared Phys., 24(2-3), 143-150, 1984. 

L. Miller, M. J. Tobin, S. Srichan, P. Dumas, About the use of synchrotron radiation in infrared microscopy for biomedical applications. In Biomedical Applications of FTIR spectroscopy, P. Harris, Editor,... 

Lasagabaster, A., Jose Abad, M., Barral, L., Ares, A., and Bouza, R. (2009) Application of FTIR spectroscopy to determine transport properties and water-polymer interactions in polypropylene (PP)/poly (ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol) (EVA) blend films effect of poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol) content and water activity. 

Schiffer, G. et al (2002) Application of FTIR spectroscopy in antibacterial drug research, in Workshop on FTIR Spectroscopy in Microbiological and Medical Diagnostic, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin. 

Some Examples of the Application of FTIR Spectroscopy to the Study of Surface Acidity in Metal Oxides... 

C. Wurrey and D. Gurka, Environmental Applications of Gas Chromatography/Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (GC-FTIR), m Applications of FTIR Spectroscopy, Volume 18,. Durig, Ed., Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1990. 

Historically, spectral subtraction led to one of the first applications of FTIR spectroscopy to polymers, that is, the study of defects introduced during polymerization at different temperatures [79]. In Fig. 3.24, the FTIR spectra at 70 C in the frequency range of 500-3200 cm is shown for trans-1,4-polychloroprene polymerized at -20 C (spectrum a) and at -40°C (spectrum b). The b — a difference spectrum, which is also shown, reflects the increased presence of defects in the polychloroprene polymerized at —40 C relative to the sample polymerized at —20 C. The bands exhibited in the difference spectrum (but not visible in the normal spectra) correspond to the ds-l,4-polychloroprene structure and reflects the increased amount of these defects. 

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