Apolipoprotein genotyping

Farlow MR, Lahiri DK, Poirier J, Da-vignon J, Schneider L, Hui SL. Treatment outcome of tacrine therapy depends on apolipoprotein genotype and gender of the subjects with Alzheimer s disease. Neurology 1998 50 669-677. 

Farlow, M.R., "Treatment Outcome of Tacrine Therapy Depends on Apolipoprotein Genotype and Gender of the Subjects with Alzheimer s Disease," Neurology, 50, 669-677 (1998). 

Ohara T, Ninomiya T, Kubo M, Hirakawa Y, Doi Y, Hata J et al (2011) Apolipoprotein genotype for prediction of Alzheimer s disease in older Japanese The hisayama study. J Am Geriatr Soc 59 1074-1079... 

One of the most likely risk factors for AzD is the patient s genotype for apolipoprotein E (ApoE), which is believed normally to be involved in neuronal repair and growth, but is also found in plaques and tangles. Three distinct forms of ApoE, E2, E3 and E4 are encoded on chromosome 19 but it is the ApoE, E4 allele that occurs at a much higher frequency in late-onset AzD patients (50%) compared with controls (16%) and binds to and possibly increases the formation of )S-amyloid. Many early-onset cases... 

Bickeboller H, Campion D, Brice A, Amouyel P, Hannequin D, Didierjean O et al. Apolipoprotein E and Alzheimer disease genotype-specific risks by age and sex. Am J Hum Genet 1997 ... 

Schmechel, D. E., Saunders, A. M., Strittmatter, W. J. et al. Increased amyloid beta-peptide deposition in cerebral cortex as a consequence of apolipoprotein E genotype in late-onset Alzheimer disease. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90 9649-9653, 1993. 

Farrer, L. A., Cupples, L. A., Haines, J. L. et al. Effects of age, sex, and ethnicity on the association between apolipoprotein E genotype and Alzheimer disease, a meta-analysis. APOE and Alzheimer Disease Meta Analysis Consortium. J.A.M.A. 278 1349-1356, 1997. 

In addition to the frequency considerations attendant to the examination of polymorphisms or haplotypes, one must also consider the impact of possible differences in the magnitude of effects of any putative loci. The magnitude of any effects is denoted as "scale" effects based on the notion from quantitative genetics that there will be a displacement from the overall population mean for a trait that is dependent on genotype. To illustrate the effects of scale and frequency, consider two well-known examples of genetic effects. These are the effect of the apolipoprotein E (apo E) polymorphism on cholesterol levels and the impact of the familial hypercholesterolemia polymorphism on cholesterol levels. 

Fig. 10.7 Brain mapping activity (theta band) according to Global Deterioration Stage (GDS) staging (cognitive deterioration) and apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype in Alzheimer s disease. (From refs. 19 and 20.)...

Seet, W.T., Mary Anne, T.J., Yen, T.S. (2004) Apolipoprotein E genotyping in the Malay, Chinese and Indian ethnic groups in Malaysa—a study on the distribution of the different apoE alleles and genotypes. Clin. Chim. Acta, 340, 201-205. 

Gueguen, R., Visvikis, S., Steinmetz, A., Siest, G., Boerwinkle, E. (1989) An analysis of genotype effect and their interactions by using the apolipoprotein E polymorphism and longitudinal data. Am. J. Hum. Genet., 45, 793-802. 

Glockner, E., Ohn, T.G. (2003) Hippocampal apolipoprotein D level depends on Braak stage and APOE genotype. Neuroscience, 122, 103-110. 

MacGowan, S.H., WUcock, G.K., Scott, M. (1998) Effect of gender and apolipoprotein E genotype on response to anticholinesterase therapy in Alzheimer s disease. Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry, 13, 625-630. 

Nebes, R.D., Vora, I.J., Meltzer, C.C., et al. (2001) Relationship of deep white matter hyperintensities and apolipoprotein E genotype to depressive symptoms in older adults without clinical depression. Am. J. Psychiatry, 158, 878-884. 

Table 5.2.3 Apolipoprotein E genotyping with melting curve analysis [2]. Tm Melting point temperature...

Aslanidis C, Schmitz G (1999) High-speed apolipoprotein E genotyping and apolipoprotein B3500 mutation detection using real-time fluorescence PCR and melting curves. Clin Chem 45 1094-1097... 

G. Marrazza, G. Chiti, M. Mascini and M. Anichini, Detection of human apolipoprotein E genotypes by DNA electrochemical biosensor coupled with PCR, Clin. Chem., 46 (2000) 31-37. 

Nalbantoglu J, Gilfix BM, Bertrand P, et al. Predictive value of apolipoprotein E genotyping in Alzheimer s disease Results of an autopsy series and an analysis of several combined studies. Ann Neurol 1994 36(6) 889-895. 

Riemenschneider M, Schmolke M, Lautenschlager N, et al. Cerebrospinal beta-amyloid (1 12) in early Alzheimer s disease Association with apolipoprotein E genotype and cognitive decline. Neurosci Lett 2000 284(1-2)85-88. 

Genes encoding for apolipoprotein C-I (APOC-I), apolipoprotein A1 (APOA-I), apolipoprotein C3 (APOCIII), and apolipoprotein A4 (APOA-IV) have all been subject to studies on longevity. In a small British study conducted in subjects aged 84 years and older, the authors examined APOE and APOC-I genes, as they are less than 10 kb apart, and APOC-I genotype... 

Bohnet K, Pillot T, Visvikis S, Sabolovic N, Siest G 1. Apolipoprotein (apo) E genotype and apoE concentration determine binding of normal very low density lipoproteins to HepG2 cell surface receptors. J Lipid Res 1996 37 1316-1324. 

Larson IA, Ordovas JM, Sun Z et al. Effects of apolipoprotein A-TV genotype on glucose and plasma lipoprotein levels. Clin Genet. 2002, 61 430 -36. 

Weinberg RB, Geissinger BW, Kasala K et al. Effect of apolipoprotein A-IV genotype and dietary fat on cholesterol absorption in humans. J Lipid Res. 2000, 41 2035-2041. 

Syvanen AC, Aalto-Setala K, Harju L, Kontula K, Soderlund H. A primer-guided nucleotide incorporation assay in the genotyping of apolipoprotein E. Genomics 1990 8 684-692. 

Galantamine clinical studies done with placebo control on AD patients for 3-6 months showed significant benefit on cognitive functions relative to placebo. Other baseline disease severity, apolipoprotein-E4 genotype, age and gender did not affect the beneficial... 

O Donnell HC, Rosand J, Knudsen KA, Furie KL, Segal AZ, Chiu RI, Ikeda D, Greenberg SM (2000) Apolipoprotein E genotype and the risk of recurrent lobar intracerebral hemorrhage. N Engl J Med 342 240-245... 

Sudlow C, Martinez Gonzalez NA, Kim J et al. (2006). Does apolipoprotein E genotype influence the risk of ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, or subarachnoid hemorrhage Systematic review and metaanalyses of 31 studies among 5961 cases and 17965 controls. Stroke 37 364-370... 

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