Antiviral substances

Viral infections continue to be significant causes of morbidity and mortality and at the same time continue to be resistant to treatment by small molecules. Avridine (6) is an antiviral compound which has shown some activity in a variety of animal tests apparently based upon its ability to stimulate a number of cells to produce the high molecular weight endogenous antiviral substance interferon. Thus, the compound is believed to operate indirectly by stimulating the body s own natural defenses against viral penetration into host cells. Avridine is synthesized by... 

A crucial issue for antiviral therapy is the fact that all antiviral substances rapidly select for resistance thus, monitoring and overcoming resistance has become a most important clinical paradigm of antiviral therapy. This calls for cautious use of antiviral drugs and implementation of combination therapies. In parallel, efforts in drug discovery have to be continued to develop compounds with novel mode-of-action and activity against resistant strains. This book reviews the current status of antiviral therapy, from the roads to development of new compounds to their clinical use and cost effectiveness. Individual chapters address in more detail all available drug classes and outline new approaches currently under development. 

Rinehart, K. L., Shield, L. S., and Cohen-Parsons, M., Antiviral substances, in Marine Biotechnology, Volume 1 Pharmaceutical and Bioactive Natural Products, Attaway, D. H. and Zaborsky, O. R., Eds., Plenum Press, New York, 1993, 309. 

Rinehart KL, Shield LS, Cohen-Parsons M. Antiviral substances. In Marine Biotechnology, vol 1. Pharmaceutical and Bioactive Natural Products, vol. 1. Attaway DH, Zaborsky OR, eds. 1993. Plenum Press, New York. pp. 309-342. 

BaueT as made an interesting suggestion in attempting to relate virus size to the effectiveness of antiviral agents. It Is perhaps somewhat early In the history of the search for antiviral drugs to draw too many conclusions from the presently known antiviral substances. 

As a result of the intensive search for antiviral substances from medicinal plants, antiviral activity against HSV was found in extracts from Cedrela tubiflora Bertoni, leaves [79], from Prunella vulgaris L., a perennial plant commonly found in China, the British Isles and Europe [80] and from Trichilia glabra L. leaves [81]. Phytochemical studies indicate that these plants contain anionic PS as active constituents which may inhibit HSV by competing for cell receptors as well as by some unknown mechanisms after the virus has penetrated the cells. Furthermore, the in vitro antiviral activity demonstrated by extracts of the medicinal plant Achyrocline flaccida (Weinm.) D.C. on HSV-1 is exerted early during viral replication, essentially during viral adsorption to host... 

Rinehart, K.L. Shield, L.S. Cohen-Parson, M. Antiviral Substances. In Marine Biotechnology, Pharmaceutical and Bioactive Natural Products , Attaway, D.H. Zaborsky, O.R. Eds. Plenium Press, New York, London, 1993, /, p 309-342. 

Takechi, M. Tanaka, Y. Purification and Characterization of Antiviral Substances from The Bud of Syzygium aromatica. Planta Medica. 1981, 42, 69-74. 

Antiviral Substance that kills viruses or inhibits their reproduction. 

Attention is called to the pyrimidine antibiotics section in Part I of this review. Several of these natural products, including blasticidin, gougerotin, amicetin, bamicetin and plicacetin, are 1-substituted cytosines. Cytovirin is also a plant antiviral substance from Streptomyces olivochromogenus which yields cytosine on degradation [351]. 

Paessens, A. Replication assay for detecting antiviral substances with a high throughput screening (HTS) method. Ger. Offen. DE 10311563, 2004 Chem. Abstr. 2004,141, 271533. 

The importance of defining new antiviral agents chemically was demonstrated in recent stiidies on the antiviral substances isolated from penicillin molds. The antiviral activities of helenine (isolated from Penicillium funiculosian) and statalon (isolated from P. stoloniferum and previously claimed to be an ionic polysaccharide), have been shown to be due to the piresence in these molds of dotible-stranded RNA, a replicative form of RNA found in viral infection. Polyhedral viruses have recently been detected in both strains. ... 

In this chapter, (1) the history of natural products as antiviral drugs, (2) the main in vitro models used to discover and evaluate potential lead compounds as antiviral substances , and (3) the anti-viral properties of phytochemicals with special action mechanisms have been reviewed. 

Myouga, H., M. Yoshimizu, K. Tajima Y. Ezura. 1995. Purification of an antiviral substance produced by Alteromonas sp. and its virucidal activity against fish viruses. Fish Pathol. 30 15-22. 

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