Antitumor effect

Bryostatins are another class of compounds that bind to the Cl domain and result in acute activation of PKC. However, unlike phorbol esters, these marine natural products have antitumor effects. Bryostatins are currently in phase II clinical trials and show promise as anticancer drugs, particularly when combined with other adjuvant therapy. 

PTKs have been implicated in the regulation of a variety of biological responses such as cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, and survival. They have been demonstrated to play significant roles in the development of many disease states, including immunodeficiency, atherosclerosis, psoriasis, osteoporosis, diabetes, and cancer. In recent clinical trials impressive antitumor effects of PTK inhibitors have been observed. In future, PTK inhibitors may therefore become important drugs for the treatment of specific cancers. 

Prior to the study by Chen et al. (140), only one publication discussed the use of the protein casein as a drug carrier (141). Chen et al. systematically compared the many features of albumin and casein microspheres—morphology, drug (adriamycin) incorporation, and release—in an effort to identify important factors in the antitumor effect of this delivery system. 

Encapsulation of cDDP in liposomes did not show such favorable effects. Liposome encapsulation of cDDP decreased the antitumor effect (Fig. 9). It was demonstrated that administration of cDDP liposomes resulted in a lower incidence as well as reduced severity of focal alterations of the epithelium of the proximal tubuli compared to administration of the free drug (Steerenberg et al., 1988). However, despite this reduction in renal toxicity the therapeutic index... 

Daoud, S. S., and Juliano, R. L. (1986). Reduced toxicity and enhanced antitumor effects in mice of the ionophoric drug valino-mycin when incorporated in liposomes. Cancer Res., 46, 5518-5523. 

Hashimoto, Y., Sugawara, M., Masuko, T., and Hojo, H. (1983). Antitumor effect of actinomycin D entrapped in liposomes bearing subunits of tumor-specific monoclonal immunoglobulin M antibody. Cancer Res., 43, 5328-5334. 

K., Abe, O., and Saito, K. (1987). Antitumor effect of adria-mycin entrapped in liposomes conjugated with anti-human alfa-fetoprotein monoclonal antibody, Cancer Res., 47, 4471-4477. 

Kruizinga, W., and Hillen, F. C. (1989b). A comparative study on antitumor effect, cardiotoxicity and nephrotoxicity of doxorubicin administered as bolus, continuous infusion or entrapped in liposomes in the Lou/M Wsl rat, Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. 24, 341-348. 

AKESHITA M, NAKAMURA S, MAKITA F, OHWADA S, MIYAMOTO Y, MORISHITA Y (1992) Antitumor effects of RBS (rice bran saccharide) on ENNG induced Carcinogenisis. Biotherapy, (Dodrecht) 4(2) 139-45. 

As auranofin demonstrates both anti-arthritic and antitumor effects, many analogs differing in the thiolate and the phosphine residues have been characterized [18, 21, 51-53]. Like auranofin, these complexes are generally linear at the two-coordinate gold center. Di- i-(diethylphosphinoethylthio)digold(I) is a complex that... 

After intravenous administration, about 80-90% of the dose is catabolized in the liver by dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) [38] (Figure 14.3). The formation of the inactive 5-fluoro-5,6-dihydrouracil (5-FUH2) by DPD is the rate-limiting step of 5-FU catabolism [39]. DPD is widely distributed among tissues, with the highest levels found in the liver. Once 5-FU entered tumor cells, its antitumor effect is mainly dependent on the extent of 5-FU anabolism. After two sequential anabolic steps involving thymidine phosphorylase (TP) and thymidine kinase... 

Liu X, Tian P, Yu Y, Yao M, Cao X, Gu J (2002) Enhanced antitumor effect of EGF R-targeted p21WAF-l and GM-CSF gene transfer in the established murine hepatoma by peritumoral injection. Cancer Gene Ther 9 100-108... 

Lee TY, Kim YH, Yoon SW et al (2009) Oral administration of poly-y-glutamate induces TLR4-and dendritic cell-dependent antitumor effect. Cancer Immunol Immunother 58 1781-1794... 

Experimental studies showed antitumoral effects of raloxifene in different in vitro preparations and animal models. Raloxifene has been able to inhibit the mitogenic effect induced by estrogens on ZR-75-1 cells, an estrogen responsive human breast cancer cell line (Poulin et al. 1989). In a well-accepted rat model of breast cancer induced by nitroso-methyl urea (NMU) raloxifene significantly suppressed the development of breast tumors and acted synergistically with 9 cis-retinoic acid (Anzano et al. 1996). 

The in vivo antitumor effects of interferons are believed to be related to both augmentation of natural killer cell activity and antiproliferative effects. Antiproliferative activity probably also accounts for the bone marrow suppression observed in some individuals given IFN and could potentially produce effects in a routine preclinical reproduction or teratology evaluation. Dosing studies performed in... 

Tabata Y, Murakami Y, Ikada Y (1997) Antitumor effect of poly(ethylene glycol)-modified fullerene. Fullerene Sci. Technol. 5 989-1007. 

The aim of this work was to evaluate the inhibition effect of ome Allium aqueous extracts on acrosin and trypsin activities, a new aspect in the wide spectrum of Allium compound activities. The antioxidant capacity, probably responsible for antithrombosis and antitumoral effects, was determined for different parts of Allium plants (bulb, green leaf, white stalk). The toxicity of crude extracts was also determined. 

Gewirtz, D. A, 1999, A critical evaluation of the mechanisms of action proposed for the antitumor effects of the anthracychne antibiotics adriamycin and daunorubicin. Biochem. Pharmacol. 57 727-741... 

Mammalian Thioredoxin Reductase Implications for the Antitumor Effects of Selenium. J. Biol. Chem. 2002, 277, 9701-9706. 

Supersaxo A, et al. The antitumor effect of lipophilic derivatives of 5 -fluoro-2 -deoxyuridine incorporated into liposomes. J Microencaps 1988 5 1. 

Sano D, Matsuda H, Ishiguro Y, Nishimura G Kawakami M, Tsukuda M. (2006) Antitumor effects of IDN5109 on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Rep 15 329-334. 

---