Antitumor chitosan

Jeon, Y. J. and Kim, S. K. (2001). Potential immuno-stimulating effect of antitumoral fraction of chitosan oligosaccharides. J. Chitin Chitosan 6,163-167. 

Gastrointestinal toxicity and myelotoxicity are caused by the 5-FU after its phosphorylation in the digestive tract and bone marrow tissue. To clarify whether chitosan enhances the antitumor activity of 5-FU and prevents the side effects induced by 5-FU, we examined the antitumor activity and side effects, such as myelotoxicity, immimocompetent organ toxicity, and gastrointestinal toxicity of combined treatment with chitosan and 5-FU in sarcoma 180-beaiing mice. 

Fig. (S3). The combined antitumor activity Fig. (54). Inhibitoiy effects of chitosan on of 5-FU and chitosan in sarcoma myelotoxicity of 5-FU in sarcoma...

To clarify the mechanisms of antitumor actions of various chitosans, we examined the cytotoxic activity against YAC-1 (NK cell-sensitive target ceils) or sarcoma 180 cells by intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (lELs) or splenic lymphocytes treated various chitosans. Treatment of lELs with oligochitosan (10 to 1000 jlg/mL), chitosan-21 (10 to 1000 jXg/mL), or chitosan-46 (10 to 1000 jXg/mL) enhanced their c>i otoxic activity against YAC-1 cells compared with that of untreated lELs Fig. (12) . 

Antitumor effects of various low-molecular-weight chitosans [23]... 

We demonstrated that a naturally derived polysaccharide, chitosan, is capable of forming composite nanoparticles with silica. For encapsulated particles, we used silicification and biosilicification to encapsulate curcumin and analyzed the physicochemical properties of curcumin nanoparticles. It proved that encapsulated curcumin nanoparticles enhanced stability toward ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, antioxidation and antitumor activity, enhanced/added function, solubility, bioactivities/ bioavailability, and control release and overcame the immunobarrier. We present an in vitro study that examined the cytotoxicity of amorphous and composite silica nanoparticles to different cell lines. These bioactives include curcumin mdAntrodia cinnamomea. It is hoped that by examining the response of multiple cell lines to silica nanoparticles more basic information regarding the cytotoxicity as well as potential functions of silica in future oncological applications could become available. 

Huo M, Zhang Y et al (2010) Synthesis and characterization of low-toxic amphiphilic chitosan derivatives and their application as micelle carrier for antitumor drug. Int J Pharm 394 162-173... 

Kim JH, Kim YS et al (2008) Antitumor efficacy of cisplatin-loaded glycol chitosan nanoparticles in tumor-bearing mice. J Control Release 127 41 9... 

Hwang HY, Kim IS et al (2008) Tumor targetability and antitumor effect of docetaxel-loaded hydrophobically modified glycol chitosan nanoparticles. J Control Release 128 23-31... 

Khotimchenko, Y. S. (2010). Antitumor properties of nonstarch polysaccharides Fucoidans and chitosans. Russ. J. Mar. Biol. 36,321-330. 

Other ionic interactions can be exploited to create microgels or nanogels. Chitosan and carboxy-methyl chitosan have been associated to formulate nanoparticles containing tea polyphenols for sustained release of these antitumor compounds, Gelatin-dextran conjugates have been cross-linked with TPP for tea polyphenol delivery. ... 

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