Antipyretic cinchona

The oldest effective drug for the treatment of this disease is indisputably quinine. Although the antipyretic activity of cinchona bark was known to the Incas, it remained for the Jesuit missionaries to uncover its antimalarial properties in the early seventeenth century. The advance of organic chemistry led to the isolation and identification of the alkaloid, quinine, as the active compound at the turn of this century. The emerging clinical importance of this drug led up to the establishment of cinchona plantations in the Dutch East Indies. This very circum-... 

During the nineteenth century, chemists had a good deal of success in isolating and purifying natural products from plant sources. Morphine was isolated as a pure compound from crude opium in 1804. Quinine was isolated from the bark of the cinchona tree in 1820 and was initially employed as a fever reducer. However, its effectiveness against malaria was soon discovered and it found an alternative highly important medical use. Sodium salicylate was isolated from the bark of the willow tree in 1821 and was also shown to have analgesic, antipyretic, and antiinflammatory properties. It took an additional 76 years, until 1897, to synthesize the acetyl derivative, acetylsalicyclic acid, commonly known as aspirin. 

Quinine Quinine, molecular formula C20H24N2O2, is a white crystalline quinoline alkaloid, isolated from Cinchona hark Cinchona succirubra), and is well known as an antimalarial drug. Quinine is extremely bitter, and also possesses antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. While quinine is stiU the drug of choice for the treatment of Falciparum malaria, it can be also used to treat nocturnal leg cramps and arthritis. Quinine is an extremely basic compound, and is available in its salt forms, e.g. sulphate, hydrochloride and gluconate. 

Quinine, a natural product isolated from the bark of the Cinchona tree native to the Andes Mountains, is a powerful antipyretic—that is, it reduces fever—and so for centuries, it was the only effective treatment for malaria. 

The physiological action of the cinchona alkaloids is that of an antipyretic or febrifugCj lowering the body temperature in case of fevers. Quinine retards the action of oxidase enzymes and acts as a poison to certain organisms, especially that of malaria. Its first use was as a specific for this form of fever. It has a very bitter taste and in common with other substances of like properties it acts on the alimentary canal causing increased secretion of digestive juices. 

Europe febrifuge (antipyretics), substitute for cinchona bark (5)... 

Quinine occnrs in the dried stems or root barks of cinchona Cinchona ledgeriana Moens). It is nsed in the treatment of malaria. It is also nsed as an analgesic and antipyretic agent. 

Definition Extract derived from Cinchona spp. Uses Natural flavoring agent in foods medicine (analgesic, anesthetic, antibacterial, antimalarial, antimicrobial, antipyretic, astringent, bactericide, fungicide, febrifuge. 

Phenothiazine antipyretic 4-Acetaminophenol antipyretic pharmaceuticals Sodium salicylate antipyretic, pharmaceuticals Cinchona extract Phenyl salicylate Salicylamide antipyrine mfg. 

Quinoline Cinchona Cinchonine, quinidine, quinine, cinchonidine Antipyretic, antimalarial, antiarrythmic... 

Quinine, isolated from cinchona bark in the form of hydrochloride or sulfate, is mainly used in medicine as an antimalarial and antipyretic medication. In sensory analysis it is used as a standard of bitterness and in the food industry for the production of bitter soft drinks, such as bitter lemon and Indian tonic waters, and in some alcoholic beverages (such as the flavoured wine Barolo Chinato in Italy) for its distinctive bitter taste. The taste threshold concentration of bitter taste perception is about 10 mg/1. 

The alkaloids of cinchona have antimalari-al and antipyretic activities, with quinine being the most potent. Certain strains of malarial parasites, particularly those of Vietnamese origin that have become resistant to synthetic antimalarials, are still susceptible to quinine treatment. ... 

In modem medicine, the medicinal plant-derived products are increasingly being sought after as pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals for the treatment of several ailments due to their efficacy and cost-effectiveness. Rubiaceae family, consisting of 13,200 species, is of special interest as they contain economically and medicinally important members [1]. Coffee from Cojfea spp. is considered as second most economically precious commodity after oil worldwide. Furthermore, Rubiaceae family is also often regarded as coffee family. Quinine is the first and most effective antimalarial which is also used as antipyretic and analgesic and antiinflammatory agent, discovered from Cinchona spp. provides evidence for the cmcial role of Rubiaceae family members in the medicinal field [2]. Yohimbe is an aphrodisiac derived from Pausinystalia yohimbe available as prescribed medicine and recently received an exploration as remedy for type 2 diabetes [3]. 

---