Antimicrobial Properties of Polymers

1 Antibacterial Activity of Polyaniline/Polyvinyl Alcohol/Silver 

In this study [46], poljwinyl alcohol (PVA)/polyaniline (PANI)/silver nanocomposites were tested for antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The nanocomposite samples resulted in ZOI with diameters of the 7, 8,12, 9 and 8 mm and 10,12,15,9 and 8 mm against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. It was observed that the PVA/PANI composite, which was used as a control matrix, exhibited no antibacterial activity when compared with PVA/ PANI/silver nanocomposites. 

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RELEASE STUDY AND ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF POLYMER BOUND AMPICILLIN... 

Angewandte Makromolelmlare Chentie Vol.245, March 1997, p.1-8 POLYMERIC PRODRUGS SYNTHESIS, RELEASE STUDY AND ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF POLYMER-BOUND ACRIFLAVINE... 

Perni S, Picdrillo C, Pratten J et al. (2009) The antimicrobial properties of light-activated polymers containing methylene blue and gold nanoparticles. Biomaterials 30 89-93... 

Can embedding nanoparticles of silver into a polymer give the polymer antimicrobial properties Researchers tested the antimicrobial properties of a new composite material- the polymer poly(4-vinyl-N-hexylpyridinium bromide), known as NPVP, which attracts cations. It is known that silver ions from silver bromide and silver nitrate exhibit antimicrobial activity. Silver bromide was embedded into the NPVP polymer. Scientists tested the antimicrobial properties of the composite material. Their results, illustrated in the graph, show the growth of E. coli bacteria over a period of approximately four hours. Each line represents the E. coli population in response to the introduction of a particular substance. 

MIC values confirmed the noticeable antibacterial activity of the fabricated polymer by the response of Enterococcus faecalis. Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. The antimicrobial properties of pure nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) coated with Ppy-silver composite (Scheme 7.4) films were tested on yeast Candida albicans), a Gram-negative bacterium Salmonella serovar Infantis) and a Gram-positive bacteria Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus) (Table 7.3) [60]. 

Hence, PP composites containing zinc oxide along with silver can further enhance the antimicrobial properties of this polymer. Antibacterial elastomer composites of silver zeolite/silicone could be a useful material to satisfy a range of requirements including good mechanical properties, due to the incorporation of zeolite, and good antibacterial properties. 

Imran, M., El-Fahmy, S., Revol-Junelles, A.M., Desobry, S. 2010a. Cellulose derivative based active coatings Effects of nisin and plasticizer on physico-chemical and antimicrobial properties of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose films. Carbohydrate Polymers, 81 219-225. 

Daly, W. H., and Guerrini, M. M. (1998). Antimicrobial properties of quaternary ammonium cellulose and chitosan derivatives, Polym. Mater. Set Eng., 79,220-221. 

P. Kaali, E. Strbmberg, R.E. Aune, G. Czel, D. Momcilovic, S. Karlsson, Antimicrobial properties of Ag-i- loaded zeolite polyester polyurethane and silicone rubber and long-term properties after exposure to in-vitro ageing, Polymer Degradation and Stability, ISSN 0141-3910 95 (9) (September 2010) 1456-1465. http //dx.doi.0rg/lO.lOl6/j. polymdegradstab.2010.06.024. 

Lee A, Lichtenhan JD (1999) Thermal and viscoelastic property of epoxy-clay and hybrid inorganic-organic nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 73 1993-2001 Lee H, Neville K (1967) Handbook of Epoxy Resins. McGraw-Hill, New York Li SM, Jia N, Ma MG, Zhang Z, Liu QH, Sun RC (2011a) Cellulose-silver nanocomposites microwave-assisted synthesis, characterization, their thermal stability, and antimicrobial property. Carbohydr Polym 86 441 147... 

Copper, zinc, and titanium nanostractures are promising materials to be used in food safety and technology. The antimicrobial properties of above metals at the nanoscale provide affordable and safe innovative antimicrobial strategies (Table 2). Copper has been shown to be an efficient sensor for humidity, while titanium oxide has resistance to abrasion and UV-blocking performance. The migration of cations from the polymer matrices is the key point to determine their antimicrobial effectiveness, however, this migration of cations may affect the legal status of the polymer as a food contact material. 

The value of these silane polymers is only just beginning to be realized. Our work has focused on the antimicrobial properties of certain of these materials and includes a variety of delivery techniques to substrates where bioactive polymers satisfy industrial, commercial and consumer needs. 

Jiang, J., Li, G., Ding, Q., Mai, K. Ultraviolet resistance and antimicrobial properties of ZnO-supported zeolite filled isotactic polypropylene composites. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 97, 833-838 (2012)... 

Although a few mechanisms have so far been proposed to explain the antimicrobial properties exhibited by proanthocyanidins (e.g., inhibition of extracellular enzymes) [86], Jones et al. [83] postulated that their ability to bind bacterial cell coat polymers and their abihty to inhibit cell-associated proteolysis might be considered responsible for the observed activity (Table 1). Accordingly, despite the formation of complexes with cell coat polymers, proanthocyanidins penetrated to the cell wall in sufficient concentration to react with one or more ultra-structural components and to selectively inhibit cell wall synthesis. Decreased proteolysis in these strains may also reflect a reduction of the export of proteases from the cell in the presence of proanthocyanidins [83]. 

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