Antimicrobial cereus

Newly synthesized compounds 22, 23, 25c-e, 26d and 29e were screened in vitro for their antimicrobial activities against Gram positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (NCTC-7447), Bacillus cereus (ATCC-14579) and Gram negative bacteria Serratia marcesens (IMRU-70) and Proteus merabitis (NTCC-289) using the paper disk diffusion method for the antibiotic sensitivity technique [60]. The tested compounds were dissolved in N,N-dimclhylformamidc (DMF) to obtain a 1 mg/mL solution. The inhibition zones of microbial growth produced by different compounds were measured in millimeters at the end of an incubation period of 48 h at 28 °C. DMF alone showed no inhibition zone. 

Aspergillus niger, S. cerevisiae, Mycoderma sp., Lactobacillus acidophilus and B. cereus, as estimated by the paper disc agar diffusion method (Meena and Sethi, 1994). The oil also inhibits the growth of Fusarium verticilloides (Veluti et al., 2004). Clove oil (1% v/w) inhibits Listeria monocytogenes in chicken frankfurters (Mytle et al., 2006). It has excellent antimicrobial properties and is used in food preservation (Smith Palmer etal., 1998, 2001). 

The antimicrobial activity of ajowan oils against Aspergillus niger, S. cerevisiae, Mycoderma sp., Lactobacillus acidophilus and B. cereus, as estimated by the paper disc agar diffusion method, has been reported by Meena and Sethi (1994). 

Liu W, Hansen JN. The antimicrobial effect of a structural variant of subtilin against outgrowing Bacillus Cereus T spores and vegetative cells occurs by different mechanisms. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1993 59 648-651. 

A1 Dabbas et al. [163] reported the antibacterial activity of the ethyl acetate extract of the whole aerial part of Varthemia iphinoides L. The bioassay-guided fractionation led to the isolation and identification of an antibacterial eudesmane sesquiterpene, selina-4,ll(13)-dien-3-on-12 oic acid. Fig. (10). This compound exhibited potent antimicrobial activity against 6 bacterial species Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis. Micrococcus luteus, Escherichia coli. Bacillus cereus and Salmonella enter Hides ). The MIC values of this sesquiterpene, which was determined by the agar dilution method, ranged between 250 and 500 ig/ml. 

Bioassay-guided fractionation of the antimicrobial dichloromethane extract from Xanthium spinosum L. yielded xanthatin, Fig. (22) [194]. This compound was active against Colletotrichum gloesporoides, Trichotecium roseum. Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus. These compounds together with another sesquiterpene lactone xanthinin, Fig. (23) were also isolated from Xanthium italicum Moretti [195]. 

Extracts from sage (free of essential oil) inhibited the growth of E. coli and Shigella dysenteriae almost completely (Petkov, 1986). Shelef et al. (1984) found decreasing resistence in the following order Salmonella typhimurium > Pseudomonas spp. > S. aureus > B. cereus. Although the antimicrobial activity of sage increased with an increase in the volatile oil fraction, essential oils alone had limited... 

The antimicrobial effect of berberine chloride was evaluated on a large number of microorganisms. A marked inhibitory activity was observed on various Candida species, and a lesser effect on Staphylococcus aureus, Sarcina lutea, Bacillus cereus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and a diphtherioid [237],... 

Rossland, E., Langsrud, T., Granum, P.E., and Sorhaug, T. 2005. Production of antimicrobial metabolites by strains of Lactobacillus or Lactococcus co-cultured with Bacillus cereus in milk. International Journal of Food Microbiology 98 193-200. 

Related to the tunichromes are halocyamines A (41) and B (42) from Halocynthia roretzi. [39]. These are tetrapeptides which contain a Dopa residue (note the authors have depicted a D-Dopa residue in their structure). Both halocyamines displayed antimicrobial activity against B. subtilis (MIC 50pg /mL), B. megateruine (MIC 50 pg/mL), B. cereus (MIC 100 pg /mL) and the yeast Cryptococcus neoformans (MIC 100 pg /mL). Halocyamine A was also found to be cytotoxic to neuroblastoma N-18 cells at 160 pM for 24 hours. It caused degeneration of neurite and soma in cultured rat fetal brain cells at 100 pM and death of Hep-G2 cells at 200 pM for 24 hours. 

Ajoene also exhibited broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. Growth of Gram-positive bacteria, such as Bacillus cereus. Bacillus subtilis. 

T. Suzuki and Y. Hara. Mitsui Petrochemical Industries. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 61/285988 A2 [86/285988], 16-12-1986. Berberine containing plant cell cultures are screened for antimicrobial activity on Bacillus cereus, a berberine-sensitive microorganism. Chem. Abstr. 107, 21936c. 

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