Xanthium spinosum

Sulfamoyl-2-chloroadenosine (121) from a strain of Streptomyces alhus possesses potent herbicidal activity on broad leaf weeds in post-emergent application (80 percent control on Sinapis alba, Stellaria media, Veronica persica, and Xanthium spinosum at <24 g/acre). Unfortunately, this compound also exhibits strong mammalian toxicity (LCso in mouse fibroblasts 0.013 pg/ml). Nucleocidin glucoside (122), a fluoronucleoside from a Streptomyces strain, is a weak herbicide [97]. 

Bioassay-guided fractionation of the antimicrobial dichloromethane extract from Xanthium spinosum L. yielded xanthatin, Fig. (22) [194]. This compound was active against Colletotrichum gloesporoides, Trichotecium roseum. Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus. These compounds together with another sesquiterpene lactone xanthinin, Fig. (23) were also isolated from Xanthium italicum Moretti [195]. 

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