Antigenicity and immunogenicity

Wyatt R, Sodroski J (1998) The HlV-1 envelope glycoproteins lusogens, antigens, and immunogens, Science 280 1884-1888... 

Other types of branched peptide dendrimers, known as multiple antigen peptides (MAPs), have been synthesized to mimic proteins for applications, for instance as synthetic vaccines, serodiagnostics, peptide inhibitors and intracellular delivery vehicles. Since this concept has been recently described in detail elsewhere [11], only the conceptual framework will be briefly presented here. Tam and coworkers have developed a dendritic core based on lysine units for the construction of MAPs [12-15] (Fig. 3). Carrying antigens at their periphery these MAPs have been designed to increase antigenicity and immunogenicity of peptides. 

Murayama, Y., Satoh, S., Oka, T., Imanishi, J., and Noishiki, Y. (1988) Reduction of the antigenicity and immunogenicity of xenografts by a new cross-linking reagent. ASAIO Trans. 34, 546. 

Naisbitt, D.J., Fraser Gordon, S., Pirmohamed, M., Burkhart, C., Cribb, A.E., Pichler, W.J., and Kevin Park, B., Antigenicity and immunogenicity of sulphamethoxazole demonstration of metabolism-dependent haptenation and T-cell proliferation in vivo, Br. J. Pharmacol., 133, 295, 2001. 

Benkirane N, et al. Antigenicity and immunogenicity of modified synthetic peptides containing D-amino acid residues. J Biol Chem 1993 268 26279. 

Ghosh, S. and Jackson, D.C. (1999) Antigenic and immunogenic properties of totally synthetic peptide-based anti-fertility vaccines. Int. Immunol. 11(7), 1103-1110. 

Prezzi C, Nuzzo M, Meola A, Delmastro P, Galfre G, Cortese R, Nicosia A, Monaci P, Selection of antigenic and immunogenic mimics of hepatitis C virus using sera from patients, J. Immunol., 156 4504-4513, 1996. 

Nagesha, H. S., Wang, L. F., Hyatt, A. D., Morissy, G. J., Lenghaus, G., and Westbury, H. A. (1995). Self-assembly, antigenicity, and immunogenicity of the rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (Czechoslovakian strain V-351) capsid protein expressed in baculovirus. Arch. Virol. 140, 1095-1108. 

A totally retro-inverso peptide is an isomer of a linear peptide in which the direction of the amino acid sequence is reversed and the chirality at the C carbon of the residues is inverted. This modification has been widely applied [83]. Antigenicity and immunogenic-ity have been demonstrated by preparation of retro-inverso isomers of natural antigenic peptides [84], Retro-inverso forms derived from mellitin and cercropin A maintain antimicrobial activity [85]. A cyclic retro-enantiomeric D amino acid peptide has been designed and shown to be active as synthetic inhibitor of the interaction between immunoglobulin E (IgE) and its high-affinity receptor FceRl [86]. 

Naisbitt DJ, Gordon SF, Pirmohamed M, Burkhart C, Cribb AE, Pichler WJ, Park BK. Antigenicity and immunogenicity of sulphamethoxazole demonstration of metabo-... 

Crumpton MJ (1973) Antigenicity and immunogenicity. In Porter RR (ed) Defence and recognition. Butterworths, London... 

Because antigenicity and immunogenicity are such potential issues for protein-based polymers, both the systemic antigenicity, as determined by the British Pharmacopoeia... 

Potential for antigenicity and immunogenicity Serologic evidence of prior exposure to ingredient Serum antibody... 

Lynn AK, Yannas IV, Bonfield W. Antigenicity and immunogenicity of collagen. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2004 71 343-54. 

Nores GA, Dohi T, Taniguchi M, Hakomori S Density-dependent recognition of cell surface GMj by a certain anti-melanoma antibody, and GM3 lactone as a possible immunogen Requirements for tumor-associated antigen and immunogen. J. Immunol. 1987 139 3171-3176. 

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