Antidiabetic agents/drugs

Sulfonylureas represent the first class of oral antidiabetes agents approved for use in the United States. These drugs are classified as being either first- or second-generation agents. Both classes of sulfonylureas are equally effective when given at... 

An in vivo marker of effect related to the pharmacology of the drug, for example, hypoglycaemic response to an antidiabetic agent change in concentration of a serum marker of disease such as C-reactive protein with antirheumatoid agents. 

Tolbutamide is one of the most widely used antidiabetic agents. Its action is preferably connected with stimulatory action of j3-cells in the pancreas, which results in intensive insulin secretion. It is used for type II diabetes melhtus of medium severity with no expressed microvascular complications. Synonyms of this drug are mebenol, oramid, ora-bet, tolbuton, butamide, rastinon, and others. 

Patients on other oral antidiabetic agents - No transition period is necessary when transferring patients to the extended-release tablets. Observe patients carefully (1 to 2 weeks) when being transferred from longer half-life sulfonylureas (ie, chlorpropamide) to the extended release tablets due to potential overlapping of drug effect. 

Drugs that may be affected by carvedilol include antidiabetic agents, calcium blockers, clonidine, cyclosporine, disopyramide, catecholamine depleting agents (eg, reserpine), and digoxin. 

Insulin may also be administered in some cases of type 2 diabetes to complement other drugs (oral antidiabetic agents) and to supplement endogenous insulin release.64,70 In type 2 diabetes (NIDDM), exogenous insulin basically makes up the difference between the patient s endogenous hormone production and his or her specific insulin requirement. In addition, many patients with advanced cases of type 2 diabetes ultimately require supplemental insulin because other interventions (diet, exercise, other drugs) are not able to adequately control this disease.35... 

Krentz AJ, Bailey CJ. Oral antidiabetic agents current role in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Drugs. 2005 65 385-411. 

Chitturi S, George J (2002) Hepatotoxicity of commonly used drugs nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antihypertensives, antidiabetic agents, anticonvulsants, lipid-lowering agents, psychotropic drugs. Semin Liver Dis 22 169-183. 

ASPIRIN ANTIDIABETIC DRUGS Risk of hypoglycaemia when high-dose aspirin (3.5-7.5 g/day) is given with antidiabetic agents Additive effect aspirin has a hypoglycaemic effect Avoid high-dose aspirin... 

Interactions. Rifampicin is a powerful enzyme inducer and speeds the metabolism of numerous drugs, including warfarin, steroid contraceptives, narcotic analgesics, oral antidiabetic agents, phenytoin and dapsone. Appropriate increase in dosage, and alternative methods of contraception, are required to compensate for increased drug metabolism (see also paracetamol overdose, p. 287). 

Chapter 35. Diabetes mellitus, insulin, oral antidiabetes agents, obesity Chapter 36. Thyroid hormones, antithyroid drugs Chapter 37. Hypothalamic, pituitary and sex hormones Chapter 38. Vitamins, calcium, bone... 

ASA = aspirin NSAIDs = non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as ibuprofen, naproxen, and diclofenac CNS stimulants include drugs such as pseudoephedrine, dextroamphetamine, theophylline, and caffeine MAO = monoamine oxidase CNS depressants include drugs such as benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and ethanol SSRIs = selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, such as fluoxetine, sertraline, and paroxetine. Antidiabetic agents include drugs such as insulin, glipizide, glyburide, and metformin. 

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