7-Globulins antibodies

Hemocyanin from Brohult (9) horse antibody globulin from Kabat (56) human blood proteins from Cohn, Oncley. Strong, Hughes and Armstrong (17) Oncley, Scatchard and Brown (S6) zein, see Svedberg and Pedersen (122) or Cohn and Edsall (16) present revised value from Foster and Edsall (41). 

An indirect polarographic behavior of proteins may be seen in the possibility of tracing the alterations in the patterns of the diffusion currents and the half-wave potentials of different azo-dyes, alone or in combination with antibodies, globulins, and other nonreaginic proteins (e.g., albumins) for example, the hapten-antibody reaction could be followed by the derivations in the pattern of the polarographic reduction of the dyes, induced by the presence of antibody proteins in the reacting mixture (41). 

In passive immunotherapy immune globulin (Ig) is an effective replacement in most forms of antibody deficiency (14). In the past, plasma was used instead of immune globulin, but plasma is rarely indicated in the 1990s because of the risk of disease, particularly AIDS, transmission. Because plasma contains many factors in addition to immunoglobulins (Igs), plasma is, however, of particular value in patients with protein-losing enteropathy, complement deficiencies, and refractory diarrhea. 

Nonspecific immunosuppressive therapy in an adult patient is usually through cyclosporin (35), started intravenously at the time of transplantation, and given orally once feeding is tolerated. Typically, methylprednisone is started also at the time of transplantation, then reduced to a maintenance dose. A athioprine (31) may also be used in conjunction with the prednisone to achieve adequate immunosuppression. Whereas the objective of immunosuppression is to protect the transplant, general or excessive immunosuppression may lead to undesirable compHcations, eg, opportunistic infections and potential malignancies. These adverse effects could be avoided if selective immunosuppression could be achieved. Suspected rejection episodes are treated with intravenous corticosteroids. Steroid-resistant rejection may be treated with monoclonal antibodies (78,79) such as Muromonab-CD3, specific for the T3-receptor on human T-ceUs. Alternatively, antithymocyte globulin (ATG) may be used against both B- and T-ceUs. 

Both globulins exert their effect by depletion of circulating lymphocytes either by complement-dependent lysis or by phagocytosis after opsonization. However, antilymphocyte globulin (ALG) and antithymocyte globulin (ATG) are nonhuman polyclonal antibodies. To prevent sensitization application is restricted to a time period of several days only. 

Passive immunity is obtained from the administration of immune globulins or antivenins. This type of immunity provides die individual with ready-made antibodies from another human or an animal (see Pig. 54-1). Passive immunity provides immediate immunity to die invading antigen, but lasts for only a short time. The Summary Drug Table Agents for Fhssive Immunity identifies agents for passive immunizations. Display 54-4 provides an example of passive immunity. 

Vaccinations containing live organisms are not administered within 3 months of immune globulin administration because antibodies in the globulin preparation may interfere with the immune response to the vaccination. Corticosteroids, antineoplastic dru, and radiation therapy depress the immune system to such a degree that insufficient numbers of antibodies are produced to prevent the disease. When the salicylates are administered with the varicella vaccination, there is an increased risk of Reye s syndrome developing. 

Antibodies in the immune globulin preparations may interfere with the immune response to live virus vaccines, particularly measles, but also others, such as mumps and rubella It is recommended that the live virus vaccines be administered 14 to 30 days before or 6 to 12 weeks after administration of immune globulins. No known interactions have been reported with antivenins. 

Tissue plasminogen activators Human growth hormone Neuroactive peptides Regulatory peptides Lymphokines Human serum albumin Gamma globulin Antihemophilic factors Monoclonal antibodies... 

Immunoglobulins are associated with the y-globulin fraction of plasma proteins but, as stated earlier, not all immunoglobulins exhibit antibody activity. 

Immune globulin (IG) is a solution containing antibodies from sterilized pooled human plasma that provides passive immunization against various infectious diseases, including hepatitis A.5 Immune globulin is available for either intravenous (IVIG)... 

HB, hepatitis B anti-HBs, hepatitis B surface antibody HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen HBIG, hepatitis B immune globulin. 

Also known as antibody-mediated rejection, humoral rejection is the process of creating graft-specific antibodies.1,4 This type of rejection occurs less frequently than cell-mediated acute rejection. Humoral rej ection is characterized by deposition of immunoglobulins and complement in allograft tissues. Treatment for this type of rejection is not well defined, yet several reports have shown that treatments such as plasmapheresis, immunoglobulin therapy, rituximab, and/or antithymocyte globulin maybe effective. 

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