Antibiotics antineoplastic

The licensee shall prevent cross-contamination of drugs with sex hormones, coticosteriods, B. Lactum antibiotics, antineoplastic drugs by appropriate methods, which may include ... 

The antibiotic antineoplastics came into clinical utility when the highly toxic actinomycin (discovered in the... 

All vinca alkaloids are severe vesicants that can induce necrosis, cellulitis, and/or thrombophlebitis. Proper needle placement before administration should be assured to eliminate the risk of extravasation. Unlike the tissue damage caused by the vesicant action of nitrogen mustards and antibiotic antineoplastics, cold exacerbates tissue destruction. If extravasation occurs, apply heat for 1 hour fours time a day for 3 to 5 days, coupled with local hyaluronidase injections. Vinca alkaloids are all Category D teratogens and are fatal if administered by the intrathecal route. 

Biodegradable hydrogels have also been developed for use in controlled drug delivery as carriers of biologically active materials such as hormones, enz5mes, antibiotics, antineoplastic agents, and cell suspensions. Temporary preservation of functional properties of a carried species, as well as the controlled release of the species into local tissues or systemic circulation, have been achieved. 

Table 15 gives a sampling of other pharmaceuticals derived from hydraziae. Cefazolin, a thiadiazole tetrazole derivative, is one of the most widely used antibacterial dmgs in U.S. hospitals (see Antibiotics, P-LACTAMs). Procarbazine, an antineoplastic, is a monomethyUiydrazine derivative (220). Fluconazole has shown some promise in the treatment of AIDS-related fungal infections. Carbidopa is employed in the treatment of Parkinson s disease. FurazoHdone is a veterinarian antibacterial. 

The phleomycin, bleomycin and related families are widespectrum antibiotics containing the pyrimidine (987) in addition, they have antineoplastic activity and bleomycin is already in clinical use for certain tumours. They were isolated about 1956 from Streptomyces verticillus, and in addition to the pyrimidine portion the molecules contain an amide part (R ) and a complicated part (R ) consisting of polypeptide, an imidazole, two sugars, a bithiazole and a polybasic side chain which can vary widely phleomycin and bleomycin differ by only one double bond in the bithiazole section (78MI21303). The activity of such antibiotics is increased by the addition of simple heterocycles (including inter alia pyrimidines and fused pyrimidines) and other amplifiers (82MI21300). 

The antineoplastic antibiotics, unlike their anti-infection antibiotic relatives, do not have anti-infective (against infection) abilily. Their action is similar to the alkylating dragp. Antineoplastic antibiotics appear to interfere with DNA and RNA synthesis and therefore delay or inhibit cell division, including the reproducing ability of malignant cells. Examples of antineoplastic antibiotics include bleomycin (Blenoxane), doxorubicin (Adriamycin), and plicamycin (Mithracin). 

The following sections give selected interactions of die alkylating dragp, antimetabolites, antibiotics, hormones, miotic inhibitors, and miscellaneous antineoplastic dragp. The nurse should consult appropriate sources for a more complete listing of interactions before any antineoplastic drug is administered. 

Phenoxazines — The microbial phenoxazines like actinomycins are well-known antibiotics. Actinomycin D produced by Streptomyces anibioticus is an effective antineoplastic agent that inhibits nucleic acid synthesis. The main function of ommochromes is to act as screening pigments in the eyes of insects and other arthropods, as pattern pigments in the integument, and as excretion products of excess tryptophan. ... 

Considering all aspects, sex hormones, antibacterials, and antineoplastic agents were identified by Christensen as the three most relevant groups of chemicals concerning their potential human risk as a consequence of drug exposure via the environment [10]. Immunochemical methods for hormones and antibiotics have already been discussed above. In this section we will describe methods based on the use of antibodies for the analysis of analgesics, NSAIDs, and cytostatic agents. 

Different strains of Streptomyces produce several substances that exhibit quinoid stmcture and have been shown to exert antibiotic and antineoplastic effects in pre-chnical tests. The largest group of these compounds is the anthracychnes, which are used extensively in the treatment of several... 

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