Anti-HIV polysaccharide

Antitumoral and antiinfectious polysaccharides (except anti HIV polysaccharides)... 

De Clercq E. Anti-HIV activity of sulfated polysaccharides. In Yalpani M, ed. Carbohydrates and Carbohydrate Polymers, Analysis, Biotechnology,... 

Emphasis in the initial phase of our work was placed on sulfated polysaccharides that are antiviral. Not only were the desired rheological properties and long-term stability achieved in DCE formulations, the activity of the dextran sulfate or N9 were not compromised. DCE formulations containing DS display strong anti-HIV activity in vitro in comparison with negative (not shown) and positive controls (Figure 2). This is an important first step in the screening process towards clinical effectiveness. 

Trichosanth.es kirilowii Maxim. T. uniflora Hao Gua Lou, Tian Hua Fen (Chinese snakegourd) (root, seed) Trichosanthin, polysaccharides, saponin, organic acids, resin, protein (TAP29).33 261 This herb is highly toxic. Treat pectoris and acute mastitis. Antitussive, as an expectorant, anti-HIV activity. 

Riccio, R., Kinnel, R. B., Bifulco, G., and Scheuer, P. J. (1996). Kakelokelose a sulfated mannose polysaccharide with anti-HIV activity from the Pacific tunicate didemnum molle. Tetrahedron Lett. 37,1979-1982. 

Harrop, H. A., Rider, . C., and Coombe, D. R. (1992). Sulphated polysaccharides exert anti-HIV activity at differing sites. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 20, 163S. 

Polysaccharides are another class of macromolecules that can interfere with cellular and enzyme assays, as demonstrated during the NCI campaign to discover anti-HIV agents from natural sources. Anionic polysaccharides show anti-HIV activity and, to avoid a too high hit rate, had to be removed by 50% aqueous ethanol precipitation.72... 

Most of the research on marine compounds with anti-HIV activity has focused on sulphated polysaccharides (PS) and proteins. Sulphated polymannuroguluronate is a marine sulphated PS which has entered phase II clinical trials in China as the first anti-AIDS drug candidate obtained from marine brown algae. Miao et al. [19] investigated the binding site(s) receptors of this compound in lymphocytes mediating its anti-AIDS activities. These results indicate that the interaction of this PS and CD4 may provide a mechanistic explanation of its immunopotentiating and anti-AIDS activities in HIV-infected individuals. 

Riccio, R. Kinnel, R.B. Bifulco, G. Sheuer, P.J. Kakelokelose, a Sulfated Mannose Polysaccharide with Anti-HIV Activity from The Pacific Tunicate Didemnum molle. Tetrahedron Lett. 1996, 37, 1979-1982. 

Most promising areas are anticancer activity [163-165], immune system stimulation [166-168] through the production of interleukins and T and B cell regeneration, anti-HIV effects (polysaccharides inhibiting binding of HIV to T cells) [169], blood sugar reduction (enhancing secretion of insulin and carbohydrate metabolism) [125,170], and anti-inflammatory [171,172]. 

Nishimara, S.I., Kai, H., Shinada, K. etal. 1998. Regioselective syntheses of sulfated polysaccharides Specific anti-HIV-1 activity of novel sulfates. Carbohydr. Res. 306 427 33. 

R.C. Polysaccharide-based chiral phase under polar organic mode of elution in the determination of the enantiomeric purity of emtricitabine an anti-HIV analogue nucleoside. 19. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 2003, 33 (4), 581 587. 

Extracellular polysaccharide prod, by Alcaligenes faecalis var. myxogenes, structural or reserve polysaccharide of yeasts, fungi and higher plants. Gelling agent for foods. Claimed to show anti-HIV activity by inhibiting attachment of the virus to T-cells. Insol. H2O but absorbs H2O. Suspensions heated >54° form a firm gel. Phase 1 clinical trials (1995)... 

Heparin and other sulfated polysaccharides extracted from sea algae were found to be potent and selective inhibitors of the HIV-1 replication in cell culture as well as various enveloped viruses, including viruses that emerge as opportunistic pathogens (eg, herpes simplex virus and cytomegalovirus) in immuno-suppressed [eg, AIDS (the acquired immune deficiency syndrome)] patients. As potential anti-HIV drug candidates, sulfated polysaccharides offer a number of promising features (209,210). 

---