Alcaligenes faecalis

Another promising exopolysaccharide that may come to replace some of the traditional setting agents is curdlan. This is an a-1,3 linked glucan made by Alcaligenes faecalis which retains its shape in cooked food and only needs temperatures of between 55 and 80°C for preparation. 

Arsenite is also an intermediate in the fungal biomethylation of arsenic (Bentley and Chasteen 2002) and oxidation to the less toxic arsenate can be accomplished by heterotrophic bacteria including Alcaligenes faecalis. Exceptionally, arsenite can serve as electron donor for chemolithotrophic growth of an organism designated NT-26 (Santini et al. 2000), and both selenate and arsenate can be involved in dissimilation reactions as alternative electron acceptors. 

The degradation of isoquinoline by Alcaligenes faecalis strain Pa and Pseudomonas diminuta strain 7 (Roger et al. 1990, 1995) is mediated by an oxidoreductase that produces 1,2-dihydroiso-quinoline-l-one, followed by ring fission with the production of o-phthalate and oxidation to 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (Figure 3.38). The oxidoreductase is purified and like most typical aza-rene oxidoreductases contains, per mole, 0.85 g atoms of Mo, 3.9 g atoms of Fe, and acid-labile S (Lehmann et al. 1994). 

Roger P, A Erben, E Lingens (1990) Microbial metabolism of quinoline and related compounds IV. Degradation of isoquinoline by Alcaligenes faecalis Pa and Pseudomonas diminuta 1. Biol Chem Hoppe-Seyler 370 1183-1189. 

Ansede JH, PJ Pellechia, DC Yoch (1999) Metabolism of acrylate to 3-hydroxypropionate and its role in dimethylsulfoniopropionate lyase indnction by a salt march sediment bacterium, Alcaligenes faecalis M3 A. Appl Environ Microbiol 65 5075-5081. 

Table 8.8 Relative activity (%) of Alcaligenes faecalis JM3 and Arthrobacter sp. F-73 nitrilases in water-acetone mixtures... 

Figure 8.10 Relative specific activity of Y296 mutations of Alcaligenes faecalis Nitl650 nitrilase for conversion of racemic 2-chloromandelonitrile Y296A (A), Y296F (F), Y296C (C), Y296G (G), Y296N (N), Y296T (T), and Y296S (S)...

Figure 8.11 Relative specific activity of Alcaligenes faecalis Nitl650 nitrilase ( ) and Y296C mutant nitrilase ( ) for conversion of unsubstituted and substituted mandelonitrile mandelonitrile (MN), 2-chloromandelonitrile (2-CMN), 3-chloromandelonitrile (3-CMN), 4-chlormandelonitrile (4-CMN), 4-bromomandelonitrile (4-BMN), and 4-methylmandelonitrile (4-MeMN)...

Figure 8.16 Conversion of e Jo-5-norbomene-2-carbonitrile to the corresponding carboxylic acid using Alcaligenes faecalis Nit338...

The poly(HA) depolymerases of the bacteria Alcaligenes faecalis (strains AE122 and Tl), Comamonas acidovorans, Comamonas testosteroni, Comamonas sp., Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas lemoignei, Pseudomonas stutzeri, Ralstonia pickettii, Streptomyces exfoliatus, and of the fungi Paecilomyces lilaci-nus, Penicillium funiculosum, and Penicillium pinophilum have been purified and characterized (for details see Table 1). Poly(HA) depolymerases share several characteristics ... 

Roger, P. Erben, A., and Lingens, F., Microbial Metabolism of Quinoline and Related Compounds. IV. degradation of isoquinoline by alcaligenes faecalis pa and pseudomonas diminuta 7. Biol Chem Hoppe Seyler, 1990. 371(6) pp. 511-513. 

Remazol Black B Alcaligenes faecalis, Microbial consortium immobilized [187]... 

Figure 14.1 (Left) X-ray structure of plastocyanin from poplar leaves as a ribbon diagram with the metal ion and its ligands highlighted, PDB code 1PLC (right) Type 1 Cu site in Cu(II)-nitrite reductase from Alcaligenes faecalis, PDB code 1AS6. (From Messerschmidt et al., 2001. Reproduced with permission from John Wiley Sons., Inc.)...

The crystal structure of the pseudoazurin from Alcaligenes faecalis S-6 sometimes referred to as the blue protein (also as cupredoxin), has been reported to 2.0 A [74]. The protein folds in /3-sandwich which is described as being similar to plastocyanin and azurin. 

A two-step approach, involving repeated use of the same enzyme, has been reported for the resolution of rac-l-phenylethylamine 56a (Scheme 2.34). Penicillin acylase, from Alcaligenes faecalis, was initially used in aqueous medium with (R)-phenylglycine amide 67 as the acyl donor. Under these conditions, the enzyme catalyzed the enantioselective acylation of 56a at pH 10-11. The product amide 68 was insoluble, and was collected and re-exposed to the enzyme at pH below 7.5. This resulted in the cleavage of the phenylglycinyl substituent. Excellent conversions, E values and enantiomeric excesses were achieved [36]. 

Matsumura S, Shimura Y, Terayama K, Kiyohara T (1994) Effects of molecular weight and stereo regularity on biodegradation of poly(vinyl alcohol) by Alcaligenes faecalis. Biotechnol Lett 16 1205-1210... 

Alcaligenes faecalis Obligately aerobic. Gram negative rods or cocci, occur in ... 

Anderson, I. C., Poth, M., Homstead, j., and Burdige, D. (1993). A comparison of NO and N2O production by the autotrophic nitrifier Nicrosomonas europaea and the het-erotrophic nitriher Alcaligenes faecalis. Appl. Environ Microbiol. 59, 3525-3533. 

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