Sulphated polysaccharide

In a number of cases, e.g. for cloning and DNA sequencing, the DNA must be recovered from the gel in as high a yield as possible and without damage to the molecules. A number of methods have been tried, none entirely satisfactory, but electroelution is most often used. The two major problems with this method are, firstly, that the agarose is often contaminated by sulphated polysaccharides, which are extracted from the gel together with the DNA, and are potent inhibitors of many enzymes and, secondly, that the yield of DNA, particularly for large molecules, is relatively low. 

Harrop, H. A., Rider, . C., and Coombe, D. R. (1992). Sulphated polysaccharides exert anti-HIV activity at differing sites. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 20, 163S. 

B. Larsen, A. Haug, and T. J. Painter, Sulphated polysaccharides in brown algae. I. Isolation and preliminary characterization of three sulphated polysaccharides from Ascophyllum nodosum (L.) Le Jol, Acta. Chem. Scand., 20 (1966) 219-230. 

D. A. Rees, Estimation of the relative amounts of isomeric sulphate esters in some sulphated polysaccharides,/. Chem. Soc. (1961) 5168-5171. 

A. J. Farrant, J. R. Nunn, and H. Parolis, Sulphated polysaccharides of the Grateloupiaceae family. Part VI. A polysaccharide from Pachymenia carnosa, Carbohydr. Res., 19 (1971) 161-168. 

A. Karlsson and S. K. Singh, Acid hydrolysis of sulphated polysaccharides. Desulphation and the effect of molecular mass, Carbohydr. Polym., 38 (1999) 7-15. 

S. Geresh, N. Lupescu, and S. (Malis) Arad, Fractionation and partial characterization of the sulphated polysaccharide of Porphyridium, Phytochemistry, 31 (1992) 4181—4186. 

Proteins and carboxyl-containing polysaccharides have a limited compatibility when either the pH exceeds the protein s lEP (at any ionic strength) or the pH is equal to or less than the protein s lEP and the ionic strength exceeds 0.2 M. With sulphated polysaccharides, globular proteins are usually incompatible at ionic strengths above... 

Carboxyl-containing polysaccharides behave as polyanions at mild acidic and neutral pH values, which are typical of most foods. Electrostatic complexing between proteins and anionic polysaccharides generally occurs in the pH range between the pK value of the anionic groups (carboxyl groups) on the polysaccharide and the protein s lEP. Sulphated polysaccharides are capable of forming soluble complexes at pH values above the protein s lEP. 

Sulphated polysaccharides of D-galactose and 3,6-anhydro-D-galactose. Number and position of sulphate groups on the disaccharide repeating imit determine classification in three major types k, t, and X (Y uguchi et al. 2002)... 

Like a number of polyanionic compounds, including sulphated polysaccharides, polyhydroxycarboxylates and various tannins, the flavonoids that we tested seem to interact with the surface glycoprotein gpl20 to prevent binding of the virus to the sCD4 receptor (41). 

Most of the research on marine compounds with anti-HIV activity has focused on sulphated polysaccharides (PS) and proteins. Sulphated polymannuroguluronate is a marine sulphated PS which has entered phase II clinical trials in China as the first anti-AIDS drug candidate obtained from marine brown algae. Miao et al. [19] investigated the binding site(s) receptors of this compound in lymphocytes mediating its anti-AIDS activities. These results indicate that the interaction of this PS and CD4 may provide a mechanistic explanation of its immunopotentiating and anti-AIDS activities in HIV-infected individuals. 

Galazka V. B., Smith D., Ledward D. A., Dickinson E. Complexes of bovine serum albumin with sulphated polysaccharides effect of pH, ionic strength and high pressure treatment. Food Chemistry 1999 63 303-310. 

Sulphated GAGs, such as heparin, keratin, and chondroitin, inhibit the neurotoxicity of amyloid fibrils (65). This seems to be mediated ty the inhibition of the polymerization of the PrP peptide into fibrils. These findings provide a basis for using sulphated polysaccharides for CNS therapy. 

The layered organization of sulphated polysaccharide within fibres... 

Figure 2 shows synchrotron based X-ray fluorescence micro-analyses, which reveal the distribution of sulphated polysaccharides within the Goniastrea walls and septa (Fig. 2a). The EMZ regions are characterized by high concentrations of...

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