TNF receptor associated factors

Tumor Necrosis Factor a TNF Receptor Associated Factors Cytokines Inflammation... 

Hyperphosphorylation of ERAK-1 by itself and ERAK-4 causes ERAK-1 to dissociate from the membrane-bound complex. Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor-6 ( TRAF-6), a cytoplasmic protein, is activated by ERAK-1 and with TAB-2, another cytoplasmic protein, activates transforming growth factor-P (TFG-P)-activating kinase (TAK-1). During this process both TRAF-6 and TAK-1 become ubiquitinated. TAK-1 then promotes activation of the IkB kinases, or the IKK family, EKKa and EKK 3 (found in a complex with NFicB-essential modulator [NEMO]), which phosphorylate the IkB family, notably IkB-u. IkB-u is an inhibitor of NFkB as it sequesters NFkB in an... 

TNF Receptor Associated Factors TNF Receptor Superfamily Tocolytics Tolerance... 

Shi, C. S. and J. H. Kehel, Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced germinal center kinase-related (GCKR) and stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) activation depends upon the E2/E3 complex Ubcl3-UevlA/TNF receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2). J Biol Chem, 2003, 278(17), 15429-34. 

Trafe TNF-receptor-associated factor 6 Osteopetrosis with reduced osteoclasts Deficiency of l3miph nodes, Hipohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia... 

There are two distinct types of TNF receptors, TNF-R1 (CD120a or P55) and TNF-R2 (CD120b or P75). They are implicated in inflammatory processes and both belong to the TNF receptor superfamily. TNF receptors are transmembrane proteins with intracellular domains that lack intrinsic enzymatic activity, and consequently, they require cytoplasmic proteins that help initiate the receptor-induced signaling pathways. TNF-R1 possesses an intracellular death domain and TNF-R2 interacts with molecules of the TNF receptor-associated factor 2 family (TRAF). 

Wajant H, Henkler F, Scheurich P. 2001. The TNF receptor-associated factor family Scaffold molecules for cytokine receptors, kinases and their regulators. Cell Signal. 13 389-400. 

Henkler, F., Baumann, B., Fotin-Mleczek, M., Weingartner, M., Schwenzer, R., Peters, N., Graness, A., et al., Caspase-mediated cleavage converts the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor (TRAF)-l from a selective modulator of TNF receptor signaling to a general inhibitor of NF-kappaB activation. J Biol Chem 278 (2003) 29216-29230. 

Su, X., Li, S., Meng, M., Qian, W., Xie, W., Chen, D., Zhai, Z. et al., TNF receptor-associated factor-1 (TRAF1) negatively regulates Toll/IL-1 receptor domain-containing adaptor inducing IFN-beta (TRIF)-mediated signaling. Eur J Immunol 36 (2006) 199-206. 

Apoptosis PCR microarray is a relatively new methodology that uses real-time PCR to profile the expression of at least 112 key genes involved in apoptosis. The array includes the TNF ligands and their receptors members of the bcl-2, caspase, IAP, TRAF (TNF receptor associated factor), CARD (caspase activation and recruitment domain), death domain, death effector domain, and CIDE (cell death-inducing DFFA-like effector) families and genes involved in the p53 and ATM pathways. Also included in the evaluation are genes involved in anti-apoptosis. This assay allows for the evaluation of the expression of a focused panel of genes related to apoptosis. 

Arch, R. H., and Thompson, C. B. (1998). 4-lBB and 0x40 are members of a tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-nerve growth factor receptor subfamily that bind TNF receptor-associated factors and activate nuclear factor kappaB. Mol. Cell. Biol. 18, 558-565. 

Weiss, T., Grell, M., Hessabi, B., Bourteele, S., Muller, G., Scheurich, P., and Wajant, H. (1997). Enhancement of TNF receptor p60-mediated cytotoxicity by TNF receptor p80 Requirement of the TNF receptor-associated factor-2 binding site./. Immunol. 158, 2398-2404. 

Sato S, Sugiyama M, Yamamoto M, Watanabe Y, Kawai T, Takeda K, Akira S (2003) Toll/IL-1 receptor domain-containing adaptor inducing IFN-beta (TRIF) associates with TNF receptor-associated factor 6 and TANK-binding kinase 1, and activates two distinct transcription factors, NF-kappa B and IFN-regulatory factor-3, in the Toll-like receptor signaling. J Immunol, 171(8) 4304-4310. 

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