Antennae modules

This process using Ticona s new LCP grade enables three-dimensional circuit boards, featuring a high degree of design flexibility to be mass-produced. The ability to produce fine conductor patterns in almost any lay-out offers scope for better space utilisation as a way to assist the miniaturisation process. Other applications include mobile phone antenna modules as well as in the development and implementation of new mechatronic systems. 

BIuesenseAD s is OEM bluetooth modul of Corscience company designed for easy implementation of the Bluetooth network to the measurement and control chains. The module is equipped with a serial line emulation and eightchanneled, twelvebit A/D converter. Thanks to a special antenna module, it has up to 25m range at very low current consumption, it is also suitable for battery-powered applications. BluesenseAD network can operate as master or slave device. [4]... 

Fig. 1 shows the block diagram of the vibrometer, in which the most sensible to small phase variations interferometric scheme is employed. It consists of the microwave and the display units. The display unit consists of the power supply 1, controller 2 of the phase modulator 3, microprocessor unit 9 and low-frequency amplifier 10. The microwave unit contains the electromechanical phase modulator 3, a solid-state microwave oscillator 4, an attenuator 5, a bidirectional coupler 6, a horn antenna 7 and a microwave detector 11. The horn antenna is used for transmitting the microwave and receiving the reflected signal, which is mixed with the reference signal in the bidirectional coupler. In the reference channel the electromechanical phase modulator is used to provide automatic calibration of the instrument. To adjust the antenna beam to the object under test, the microwave unit is placed on the platform which can be shifted in vertical and horizontal planes. 

Since the properties of the modular components are known and different modules can be located in the desired positions of the dendrimer array, synthetic control of the various properties can be obtained. It is therefore possible, as schematically shown in Figure 2, to construct arrays where the electronic energy migration pattern can be predetermined, so as to channel the energy created by light absorption on the various components towards a selected module (antenna effect). 

Method B is similar to the concept described above in method A, except modulation is due to the displacement of solvent molecules by a coordinating group containing an antenna capable of sensitisation. 

The formation of these ternary luminescent lanthanide complexes was the result of displacement of the two labile metal-bound water molecules, which was necessary because the energy transfer process between the antenna and the Ln(III) metal centre is distance-dependent. This ternary complex formation was confirmed by analysis of the emission lifetimes in the presence of DMABA and showed the water molecules were displaced by a change in the hydration state q from 2 to 0, with binding constants of log fCa = 5.0. The Eu(III) complexes were not modulated in either water or buffered solutions at pH 7.4. Lifetime analysis of these complexes showed that the metal-bound water molecules had not been displaced and that the ternary complex was not formed. Of greater significance, both Tb -27 and Tb -28 could selectively detect salicylic acid while aspirin was not detected in buffered solutions at pH 7.4, using the principle as discussed for DMABA where excitation of the binding antenna resulted in a luminescent emission upon coordination of salicylic acid to the complex. 

The Eu(III) and Tb(III) complexes of 36, developed by Parker et al., showed modulation of the lanthanide emission caused by changes in pH [139]. The coordinating antenna was covalently attached to the complex but only coordinates to the metal centre under specific pH conditions. This was demonstrated on a cyclen complex where three carboxylate pendant arms were attached, allowing coordination to take place, and resulted in the formation of a charge-neutral complex. The fourth position contained an aromatic sulfonamide tethered via an ethyl carbon chain, 36a-36c. Studies showed that luminescence was switched on when the complexes were in alkaline conditions because the two metal-bound waters (q = 2) were displaced. This led to a situation where the pendant aryl sulfonamide groups were coordinated... 

This final section will look at complexes where the antenna is integrated into the lanthanide complex and are purposely designed with a receptor incorporated, leading to modulation of the sensitisation process upon guest recognition. 

Pheromones are powerful modulators of insect behavior. Since the isolation and identification of the first pheromone, (10E, 12Z)-hexadec-10,12-dien-l-ol, the sex attractant of the silk moth Bombyx mori, thousands of other insect pheromones have been identified. Our understanding of the sensory apparatus required for pheromone detection has also increased significantly. Coincidentally, B. mori was instrumental in many of these advances (see below). Volatile pheromones are detected by a specialized olfactory system localized on the antennae. The precise recognition of species-specific nuances in the structure and composition of pheromone components is essential for effective pheromone-based communication. The pheromone olfactory system of species studied so far exhibits remarkable selectivity towards the species-specific pheromone blend. Pheromones are emitted in low (fg-pg) quantities and are dispersed and greatly diluted in air plumes. Thus, pheromone olfaction systems are among the most sensitive chemosensory systems known. (Schneider et al., 1968). This chapter summarizes efforts (particularly over the past 10 years) to understand the molecular basis for the remarkable selectivity and sensitivity of the pheromone olfactory system in insects. The chapter will also outline efforts to design compounds that interfere with one or more of the early events in olfaction. 

Fig. 6.171(a) Mobile station (e.g. on a locomotive) containing a transmitter module, a receiver module and an antenna adaption module. 

Avenson, T., Cruz, J.A. and Kramer, D.M., 2004, Modulation of energy-dependent quenching of excitons in antennae of higher plants. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101, 5530-5535. 

Selective signaling of Zn(II) ions by modulation of the Tb(III) luminescence in a macrocyclic complex carrying a combined antenna chro-mophore and pendant ligand designed specifically for Zn(II) has been noted using ligand 75 (82). 

The flexibility of electrons and nuclei in a molecule depends on their mutual distance. If the distance is small, an external field has a smaller influence on the particles than if the distance is large. Therefore, the polarizability of a molecule can be modulated by a vibration. Consequently, the induced dipole moment and therefore also the amplitude of the emitted field are modulated by the frequency of the vibration. The molecule behaves like the radio antenna of an AM station, which emits signals produced by amplitude modulation of a certain carrier frequency with a signal frequency i s (Fig- 2.4-4). Analysis of the emitted field with a spectrometer shows a central frequency as well as side bands at a distance of cm. According to the Boltzmann distribution, a side band with a lower frequency emitted by a molecule has a higher intensity than the side band with the higher frequency. 

The Mie scattering model also helps explain the strong polarization anisotropy or antenna effects [9, 12] in the Raman scattering of semiconductor NWs, so named because of the selective Raman scattering of TM-polarized light by way of this structural resonance modulation. This behavior is quantifled in the polarization anisotropy ratio, calculated by an averaging of the squared held amplitudes of the product of incident and scattered flelds [12], determined from a Mie-type solution ... 

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