Animals patentability

Method of sanitation of farm animals Patent number RU2140788 (1999)... 

Process for treating small intestine bacterial overgrowth in animals Patent number US57766524 (1998)... 

U.S. Patent No. 4,736,866 (April 12, 1988) (first animal patent transgenic mouse with cancer causing gene) U.S. Patent No. 5,183,949 (Feb. 2, 1993) (rabbit infected with HIV-1 virus). 

Joint Appeal Against Human and Animal Patenting, Press Conference Text, May 17, 1995. Board of Church and Society of the United Methodist Church, Washington, DC, 1995. 

Singer, N. and Wooten, J. 2003. Method of extracting chitin from the shells of exoskeletal animals. Patent no. US2003/0060610A1. 

The protection of intellectual property rights is one of the strongest incentives for investment in scientific endeavors such as agricultural biotechnology. In the United States, patents, the primary form of intellectual property protection available for biotechnological inventions, can be issued on plants, non-human animals and micro-organisms. The United States Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) issued it s first patent on an animal in 1988, and the backlog of animal patent applications is well over 150(3). 

Recently, however, new interest has developed due to their chemotherapeutic and bacteriostatic usefulness in animal husbandry. They also have been patented as herbicides and plant-growth-regulating agents. 

Hard-burned magnesias may be used in a variety of appHcations such as ceramics (qv), animal feed supplements, acid neutralization, wastewater treatment, leather (qv) tanning, magnesium phosphate cements, magnesium compound manufacturing, fertilizer, or as a raw material for fused magnesia. A patented process has introduced this material as a cation adsorbent for metals removal in wastewater treatment (132). 

Pandastites (see also under Anilite or Anilithe in Vol 1, A443-R), Liq expls of the Sprengel type, patented in France by Turpin in 1881, contg liq N2O4 as oxidizer and CS2 as fuel. Later, petroleum, benz, toluene, xylene, aniline, mixts of CS2 and NB, naphthols, pitch, and vegetable and animal oils were also proposed as fuels. Some of these substances were nitrated... 

Johnson, E.A., Phaffia rhodozyma colorful odyssey, Int. Microbiol., 6, 169, 2003. Jacobson, G.K. et al., Astaxanthin over-producing strains of Phaffia rhodozyma, methods for their cultivation and their use in animal feeds. United States Patent 20030049241, 2003. 

During cheese making, the coagulated milk or curd is used to make cheese while the supernatant whey is a waste product rich in salts, proteins, and lactose. Whey concentration and desalting by UF produce a retentate product that can be used as an animal feed supplement or food additive. The MMV process (Maubois et al., French Patent 2,052,121) involves concentrating the milk by UF after centrifugation to remove the cream and before coagulation to improve yields and reduce disposal costs. 

In a recent patent application, mice treated with a related iron chelator, deferasirox (DFS), showed reduced body weight while on a high fat diet compared to untreated controls. Additionally, DFS was claimed to improve whole body metabolism and energy expenditure as measured by increased 02 consumption and C02 production as well as a reduction in white adipose and visceral fat, despite little difference between food intake in the control and treated animal groups [25]. 

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