Animal studies liquid chromatographic

JD MacNeil, VK Martz, GO Korsrud, CDC Salisbury, H Oka, RL Epstein, CJ Barnes. Chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, and tetracycline in edible animal tissues, liquid chromatographic method—collaborative study. J AOAC Int 79 405 -417, 1996. 

HE Gee, KB Ho, J Toothill. Liquid-chromatographic determination of benzylpenicillin and cloxacillin in animal tissues and its application to a study of the stability at —20°C of spiked and incurred residues of benzylpenicillin in ovine liver. J AOAC Int 79 640-644, 1996. 

Based on animal studies, A-nitrosamines are compounds with proven carcinogenic effect. The search for sources and reduction of human exposure to their action is now one of the most important research problems. Currently, a major problem is the presence of A-nitrosamines and their precursors in food. Determination of A-nitrosamines in food relies on isolating these compounds by vacuum distillation in a basic medium, in the presence of liquid paraffin, followed by extraction with dichloromethane, pre-concentration of the sample, and analysis using GC. A thermal energy analyzer coupled to a gas chromatograph can serve as an efficient detector for these compounds. 

Faulkner, A. J., Wang, Q., DeMontigny, P. and Murphy, J. S. Stability studies and high-performance liquid chromatographic procedures for L-648,548 and its major degradates in an animal health formulation. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 15 523-536, 1997. 

Troconiz, J.I. Lopez-Bustamante, L.G. Fos, D. High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of piroxicam and tenoxicam in plasma, blood and buffer solution. Application to pharmacokinetic studies in small laboratory animals. Arzneimittelforschung, 1993, 43, 679-681... 

Terada, H. Asanoma, M. Sakabe, Y. Studies on residual antibacterials in foods, in. High-performance liquid-chromatographic determination of penicillin G in animal tissues using an on-line pre-column concentration and purification system. J. Chromatogr. 1985, 318, 299-306. 

Lipids play an important role in many biological functions associated with plants, animals, and microbial organisms. The numerous functions of lipids have been studied at least in part with analytical and preparative liquid chromatographic methods. In the discussion that follows, references are given whenever possible to works that use TLC as a method of analysis. 

The microdialysis probe is the heart of the method, as a chromatographic column is the heart of the HPLC instrument. Rigid CMA probes, Models 10, 11, and 12, are used for stereotaxic implantations into the brain, where the probe can be fixed (cemented) to the skull. A flexible probe design (CMA 20) allows the placement of such a catheter into the moving tissues (muscle) or peripheral organs for studies in freely moving animals. The technical difficulties of microdialysis experiments impose requirements for precise liquid delivery, minimized dead volumes, and the capability of handling small sample volumes. 

The requirement of this study is to demonstrate that the toxicity test animal has been exposed to all of the major metabolites seen in the food animal. If a major food animal metabolite is not detected in the excreta of the test animal, residues in organs such as the liver and kidney of those animals are then profiled. If major metabolites from the food animal are still not found, then the sponsor must examine the metabolite profiles of the other laboratory species until all of the major food animal metabolites have been accounted for. If a majw metabolite from the food producing species is not detected in the test species, then separate feeding studies of the untest major metabolite must be undertaken unless its toxicity can be evaluated by some other means. Chromatographic techniques such as high performance liquid chromatography are often used for proHling metabolites. This type of metabolic evaluation is commonly found in the literature (6),... 

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