Anchorage-independent

The normal rat kidney (NRK) cell line is an untransformed cell line established from rat kidney cells. However, when NRK cells are treated with both TGF alpha and TGF beta, the cells assume a transformed phenotype. In addition to exhibiting an altered morphology in monolayer culture, NRK cells possess the capacity for anchorage-independent growth while being treated with both TGF alpha and TGF... 

The endpoint of the BALB/c CTA is the carcinogenic conversion from non-tumorigenic immortality to tumorigenicity resulting in focus formation and anchorage-independent growth [51]. 

B.M. Sutherland used in vitro experiments with human neonatal foreskin fibroblasts in buffer solution to show that DNA-pyrimidine dimer formation under a sunlamp was sensitized by p-aminobenzoic acid. Cells illuminated in the presence of the acid had a 10-fold higher frequency of transformation to anchorage-independant growth than cells irradiated in buffer alone [41]. 

Wang S (2009) Anchorage-independent growth of prostate cancer stem cells. Methods Mol Biol 568 151-160... 

Biedermann KA, Landolph JR. 1987. Induction of anchorage independence in human diploid foreskin fibroblasts by carcinogenic metal salts. Cancer Res 47 3815-3823. 

Suk, W.A. Humphreys, J.E. (1985) Assay for the carcinogenicity of chemical agents using enhancement of anchorage-independent survival of retroviras-infected Fischer rat embryo cells. Prog. Mutat. Res., 5, 673-683... 

Siunskas, K.C., Kateley, S.A., Tower, J.E., Maher, V.M., and McCormick, J.J. (1981). Induction of anchorage-independent growth in human fibroblasts by propane sultone, Cancer Res. 41,1620. 

Sutherland, B.M., Cimino, V.S., Delihas, M., Shih, A.G., and Oliver, R.P. (1980). Ultraviolet light-induced transformation of human cells to anchorage-independent growth, Cancer Res. 40,1934. 

Lichtenberg, G, Nowak, C., Gleier, K., Meckert, C.. Richter-Reichhelm, H.-B. (1995) Anchorage independent colony growth of fetal hamster lung epithelial cells after treatment with diepoxybutane. Toxicol. Lett., 75, 193-199... 

Hydrogen peroxide transformed mouse myeloid progenitor cells (FDC-Pl) from interleukin-3 dependence to factor independence, but only at cytotoxic concentrations (> 12/5 pmol/L). Such a transformation was not induced by non-specific insults to the cells, such as sodium fluoride or heat shock treatment. The transformed cells produced tumours when injected into pre-irradiated mice (Crawford Greenberger, 1991). Hydrogen peroxide (10 pmol/L) induced overexpression of the proto-oncogene c-jun in hamster tracheal epithelial (HTE) cells c-jun overexpression led to proliferation and increased growth rate, as well as increased anchorage-independence of HTE cells (Timblin et al., 1995). 

Welch, P.J., Marcusson, E.G., Li, Q.X., Beger, C., Kruger, M., Zhou, C. et al. (2000) Identification and validation of a gene involved in anchorage-independent cell growth control using a library of randomized hairpin ribozymes. Genomics, 66, 274-283. 

Luu HH, Zhou L, Haydon RC, Deyrup AT, Montag AG, Huo D, Heck R, Heizmann CW, Peabody TD, Simon MA, He TC. 2005. Increased expression of S100A6 is associated with decreased metastasis and inhibition of cell migration and anchorage independent growth in human osteosarcoma. Cancer Lett 229(1) 135—148. 

Table 6. Inhibition of Human Tumor Cell Line Anchorage-Independent Growth by...

Table 14. Effect of N-Acylpiperazine FTase Inhibitors on Anchorage Independent Growth of ras- and raf-Transformed Cells...

Brockman, J. A., Gupta, R. A., and Dubois, R. N. (1998). Activation of PPARyLeads to Inhibition of Anchorage-Independent Growth of Human Colorectal Cells. Gastroenterol 115, 1049-1055. 

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