Carcinogenicity of metals

Stoner GD, Shimkin MB, Troxell MC, et al. 1976. Test for carcinogenicity of metallic compounds by the pulmonary tumor response in strain A mice. Cancer Res 36 1744-1747. 

Hayes RB (1997) The carcinogenicity of metals in humans. Cancer Cause Control 8 371-385 HCN (2005) Health Council of the Netherlands Committee on Updating of Occupational Exposure Limits. Octane health-based reassessment of administrative occupational exposure hmits. Health Council of the Netherlands, the Hague. Available at 2000/150SH/156. http // www.gr.nl/pdf.php ID=1315 p=l... 

Chromite ore roast mixed with sheep fat implanted intrapleurally in rats produced sarcomas coexisting with squamous cell carcinomas of the lungs the same material implanted in the thigh of rats produced fibrosarcomas/ However, the lARC concluded that these studies were inadequate to fully evaluate the carcinogenicity of this compound/ Other animal studies have found no increase in the incidence of tumors with chromium metal and chromite ore/ The lARC has determined that there is inadequate evidence in humans and animals for the carcinogenicity of metallic chromium and chromium(III) compounds. 

There is no conclusive evidence from epidemiological studies that mercury increases cancer risk in humans. In the few studies in which increases have been reported, concomitant exposure to other known carcinogens has confounded the results. The lARC has determined that there is inadequate evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of mercury and mercury compounds. In animals there is inadequate evidence for carcinogenicity of metallic mercury and limited evidence for the carcinogenicity of mercuric chloride. 

Sunderman FW Jr. 1989a. Carcinogenicity of metal alloys in orthopedic prostheses Clinical and experimental studies. Fundam Appl Toxicol 13 205-216. 

TABLE 3-1 Carcinogenicity of Metals Under Completed Exposure Pathway Priority Substances... 

Hartwig A. 1998. Carcinogenicity of metal compounds possible role of DNA repair inhibition. 

Hayes RB (1997) The carcinogenicity of metals in humans. Cancer Cans Control 8 371—385. 

HUMAN TOXICITY DATA There is inadequate evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of metallic nickel and nickel alloys nickel compounds are carcinogenic to humans (Group I) metallic nickel is possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B) EPA inhalation unit nsk estimates of 2.4 x 10 pg/m for nickel refiner dusts and 4.8 x lO" pg/m for nickel subsulfide EPA classifies nickel refiner dust and nickel subsulfide as Group A, human carcinogens. 

Toxicology Metallic chromium and its 2- and 3-valent compounds exposure is by inhalation. According to the lARC, there is insufficient evidence for the carcinogenicity of metallic chromium, as well as its 2- and 3- valent compounds. 

Aging and Vulnerability to Environmental Chemicals Age-related Disorders and their Origins in Environmental Exposures 17 Chemical Toxicity Prediction Category Formation and Read-Across 18 The Carcinogenicity of Metals Human Risk Through Occupational and Environmental Exposure... 

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