Analytical methods physical training

When performing dissolution testing, there are many ways that the test may generate erroneous results. The testing equipment and its environment, handling of the sample, formulation, in situ reactions, automation and analytical techniques can all be the cause of errors and variability. The physical dissolution of the dosage form should be unencumbered at all times. Certain aspects of the equipment calibration process may show these errors as well as close visual observation of the test. The essentials of the test are accuracy of results and robustness of the method. Aberrant and unexpected results do occur, however, and the analyst should be well trained to examine all aspects of the dissolution test and observe the equipment in operation. 

This book was conceived also to answer the readership needs in the area of Analytical Chemistry, whether it be for study within this discipline or as a tool used in other experimental sciences and diverse areas. The background knowledge required to profit from this book is essentially that possessed by students in their first years of university. Thus, the authors have limited themselves to fundamental principles and have considered that students already have basic training in mathematics and in the approach to studying physical phenomena. Throughout this book, in-depth studies of phenomena have been avoided in order not to put off the majority of readers at whom this book is targeted. Those interested will, if necessary, be able to consult specialised works without any major difficulties, after having acquired from this book a relatively complete overview of the most currently used methods. 

At present there is no universally accepted Standard Method for Preparation of Samples from Contaminated Sites and few laboratories operate strictly comparable sample preparation methods. So it is important that the methods used for initial sample preparation are verifiably/// for their analytical purpose and applied by trained staff under an appropriate level of quality control. The design of sample preparation methods is generally constrained by the need to produce powders or finished samples with uniform physical characteristics by the most rapid method, whilst preventing the loss or alteration of any part of the sample by contamination, cross-contamination or chemical reaction. 

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Method 3542 Extraction of Semivolatile Analytes Collected Using Method 0010 (Modihed Method 5 Sampling Train), Revision 0, In Online Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste Physical/Chemical Methods (SW-846), Office of Sohd Waste, 1996, http //www.epa.gov/epaoswer/hazwaste/test/pdfs/3542. 

Principle It is essential that control laboratories should have appropriate facilities, with properly trained, managed and motivated staff, in order that reliable results may be obtained from any analytical or other test procedure, whether its nature is chemical, physical, biological or microbiological. Steps should be taken to ensure the reliability of the laboratory s own systems and test methods. 

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