Analysis epidemiologic measures

Measure a biological response associated with toxicant s mechanism of action Formal biological monitoring program Purpose of test Schedule of testing Method of analysis of test results (clinical or epidemiologic) Defined outcome of test results... 

Park, J.H., Spengler, J.D., Yoon, D.W. et al. (1998) Measurement of air exchange rate of stationary vehicles and estimation of in-vehide exposure. Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology, 8 (1), 65-78. 

Fedoruk, M.J. and Kerger, B.D. (2003) Measurement of volatile organic compounds inside automobiles. Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology, 13, 31-41. 

Several species and populations from other Anopheles complexes have been discriminated based on CHC patterns. Examples include all five species of the An. quad-rimaculus complex (Carlson et al., 1997), some species of the An. maculipennis complex (Phillips et al., 1990a), malaria-vector and non-vector forms of the An. maculates complex (Kittayapong et al., 1990, 1993), and An. Stephensi strains susceptible or resistant to DDT and malathion (Anyanwu et al., 1993, 1997). CHCs have been used in combination with isoenzyme analysis to successfully differentiate populations of An. darlingi (Rosa-Freitas et al., 1992). All these findings demonstrate that hydrocarbon analysis is a powerful tool for distinguishing mosquito species and populations. This is particularly important for disease vectors, since it can facilitate interpretation of epidemiological data and assist implementation of control measures. 

In 1983, Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc. voluntarily removed Bendectin from the market because of the many product liability suits pending. However, subsequent in-depth analysis of epidemiological and scientific data indicated that the therapeutic use of Bendectin had no measurable teratogenic effects. Nevertheless, despite the overwhelming scientific evidence, a number of jury decisions were rendered against the company (providing an argument for tort reform). 

Pellizzari ED, Lioy P, Quackenboss J, et al. 1995. Population-based exposure measurements in EPA region 5 a phase i field study in support of the national human exposure assessment survey. Journal Of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology 15(3) 327-358. 

Peiiizzari ED, Wallace LA, Gordon SM. 1992. Elimination kinetics of volatile organics and humans using breath measurements. Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology 2 341-355. 

In comparing the studies that observed effects, the strengths of the New Zealand stndy include an ethnically mixed population and the use of end points that are more valid for predicting school performance. The advantages of the Faroe Islands stndy over the New Zealand study include a larger study population, the nse of two measures of exposure (i.e., hair and umbihcal-cord blood), extensive peer review in the epidemiological literature, and re-analysis in response to qnestions raised by panehsts at a 1998 NIEHS workshop and by this committee in the course of its dehberations. 

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