Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens

The CO2 and pH conditions are critical factors that affect SA production. COj supply has a significant influence on the growth of anaerobic bacteria and the distribution of fermentative products [24]. The SA yield increases with the increase 

The key enzymes related to SA production pathways include PEP carboxykinase (PEPCK), oxaloacetate decarboxylase, and pyruvate kinase. PEPCK from A. suc-ciniciproducens, a C02-fbcing enzyme that catalyze the ATP-dependent reversible decarboxylation of oxaloacetate to yield PEP, is well characterized, and was het-erologously overexpressed in E. coli for the enhanced production of SA [27, 28]. 

In order to lower the separation and purification cost, the formation of byproducts needs to be minimized. However, the genomic information of A. succiniciproducens is not available yet, making metabolic engineering of this bacterium relatively difficult. Table 17.3 summarizes the performance of engineered 

SA-producing strain Carbonate and base Carbon source Fermentation conditions Titer Igl- ) Yield (mol mol ) Productivity Igl- h- ) References 

ATCC29305 2MNa2C03 Corn steep liquor, glucose Batch defined CO2 sparging 18 1.36 1.33 [26] 

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Lee, P.C., Lee, W.G., Lee, S.Y. and Chang, H.N. 2001. Succinic Acid Production with Reduced By-Product Formation in the Fermentation of Anaerobiospirillum Succiniciproducens Using Glycerol as a Carbon Source. Biotechnol. Bioeng., 72, 41 —48. 

Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens ATCC 53488 Anaerobic batch process in complex medium on 80 1-scale 1.37 180 9 109 (205) 0.26 Glassner and Datta (1992)... 

Lee PC, Lee WG, Kwon S, Lee SY, Chang HN. (2000). Batch and continuous cultivation of Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens for the production of succinic acid from whey. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, 54, 23-27. 

Lee PC, Lee WG, Lee SY, Chang HN. (2001). Succinic acid production with reduced byproduct formation in the fermentation of Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens using glycerol as a carbon source. Biotechnol Bioeng, 72, 41-48. 

Lee PC, Lee SY, Hong SH, Chang HN, Park SC. (2003b). Biological conversion of wood hydrolysate to succinic acid by Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens. Biotechnol Lett, 25, 111-114. 

Lee PC, Lee SY, Chang HN. (2010b). Kinetic study on succinic acid and acetic acid formation during continuous cultures of Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens grown on glycerol. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng, 33, 465 71. 

Rifkin GD, Opdyke JE. (1981). Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens septicemia. J Clin Microbiol, 13, 811-813. 

Samuelov NS, Lamed R, Lowe S, Zeikus JG. (1991). Influence of COj-HCOj" levels and pH on growth, succinate production, and enzyme activities of Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens. Appl Environ Microbiol, 57, 3013-3019. 

Samuelov NS, Datta R, Jain MK, Zeikus JG. (1999). Whey fermentation hy Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens for production of a succinate-hased animal feed additive. Appl Environ Microbiol, 65, 2260-2263. 

Succinic acid Actinobadllus succinogenes Mannheimia succiniciproducens E. coli Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens 16,000/-... 

Figure 17.2 Anaerobic metabolic pathways involved in SA production in wild-type Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens. PEP, phosphoenolpyruvate OAA, oxaloacetate MAE, malate FUM, fumarate El, nonspecific protein of the phosphotransferase system (PTS) HPr, non-specific phosphoryl carrier protein of PTS pyk, pyruvate kinase pfo.

Jabalquinto, A.M., Laivenieks, M., Gonzalez-Nilo, F.D., Encinas, M.V., Zeikus, G., and Cardemil, E. (2003) Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase mutagenesis at metal site 2. J. Protein Chem., 22, 515-519. 

Lee, P.-C., Lee, S.-Y, and Chang, H.-N. (2008) Cell recycled crrltirre of succinic acid-producing Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens using an internal membrane filtration system. /. Microbiol. Biotechnol, 18, 1252-1256. 

Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens is another high succinate producer that has been the focus of several patents and process development. One patent describes a method for... 

Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens is a strict anaerobe and grows at an optimal temperature of 39 °C. A typical fermentation medium contains dextrose, peptone, yeast extract, and salts. The optimal pH range for this organism was determined to be between 5.8 and 6.4. This organism can produce approximately 30 g of succinate/1 fi-om a starting glucose concentration of 50 g/1. Calcium hydroxide is added to produce a calcium succinate product, which can be precipitated fi-om the broth (Datta 1992). 

Michigan Biotechnology Institute US 5521075 1996 Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens Fermentation... 

None cited US 5143833 1992 Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens Downstream purification... 

Iversen T-G, Standal R, Pederson T, Caucheron DH (1994) IS 1032 from Acetobacter xylinunty a new mobile insertion sequence. Plasmid 32 46-54 Jabalquinto AM, Laivenieks M, Zeikus JG, Cardemil E (1999) Characterization of the oxaloacetate decarboxylase and pyruvate kinase-like activities of Saccha-romyces cerevisiae and Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens phospho-enolpyruvate carboxykinases. J Prot Chem 18 659-664 Jarvis L (2001) Lactic acid outlook up as polylactide nears market Chem Mark Repor 259(9) 5,14... 

Nghiem NP, Davison BH, Thompson JE, Suttle BE, Richardson GR (1996) The effect of biotin on the production of succinic acid by Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 57/58 633-638 Nghiem NP, Davison BH, Suttle BE, Richardson GR (1997) Production of succinic acid by Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 63-65 565-576... 

Bacteria Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens Obligate anaerobe Davis et al. (1976)... 

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