Oxidation anaerobic

Tests on pig gut contents using molecular probes to detect the presence of (aerobic) ammonia oxidizers proved negative. Recently, the anaerobic oxidation of ammonia coupled to nitrate reduction has been demonstrated in... 

Dissimilatory sulfate reducers such as Desul-fovibrio derive their energy from the anaerobic oxidation of organic compounds such as lactic acid and acetic acid. Sulfate is reduced and large amounts of hydrogen sulfide are generated in this process. The black sediments of aquatic habitats that smell of sulfide are due to the activities of these bacteria. The black coloration is caused by the formation of metal sulfides, primarily iron sulfide. These bacteria are especially important in marine habitats because of the high concentrations of sulfate that exists there. 

The V(V) oxidation of 1 has been studied extensively " It is found to be greatly affected by dissolved oxygen. The early data for the anaerobic oxidation have been supplanted by those of Ramsey et who determined the... 

Quite different kinetics are exhibited by the anaerobic oxidation of alkyl-benzenes by cobaltic acetate in a 95 % acetic acid medium , viz. 

Preliminary results on the anaerobic oxidation of cyclohexanone by IrCle suggest that, although enolisation is rate-determining at pH 3 (when the oxidation rate is equivalent to the enolisation rate and the reaction is zero-order in oxidant but first order in acidity), the subsequent reaction of the radical is one of ligand-capture , viz. 

The homogeneous, anaerobic, oxidation of propargyl alcohol by cupric acetate in buffered pyridine solution is an example of a general reaction... 

The anaerobic oxidations (to dehydroascorbic acid, A) by several chelate complexes of Fe(III) have a stoichiometry... 

The reduction of persulphate by stannous ions is strongly affected by dissolved oxygen The anaerobic oxidation is first-order in both oxidant and reduc-tant with E 11.9 kcal.mole and AS = —19.4 eu . 

The anaerobic oxidation of phosphines to their oxides by hydroxide ion has been shown to involve the liberation of hydrogen, possibly from the intermediate (21). These oxidations were studied with water-soluble phosphines, since solubility was found to be the main factor controlling the rate of oxidation. The preparation, and detailed n.m.r. spectrum, of PP-dimethyl-P P -diphenyldiphosphine disulphide (22) is a relatively rare example of a study of a mixed disulphide. Many examples of routine oxidation of phosphines to their oxides have appeared. These include the preparation of polyhalogenoarylphosphine oxides using dichromate... 

Aeckersberg F, F Bak, F Widdel (1991) Anaerobic oxidation of saturated hydrocarbons to COj by a new type of sulfate-reducing bacterium. Arch Microbiol 156 5-14. 

Ehrenreich A, F Widdel (1994) Anaerobic oxidation of ferrous iron by purple bacteria, a new type of photo-trophic metabolism. Appl Environ Microbiol 60 4517-4526. 

Lovley DR, DJ Lonergan (1990) Anaerobic oxidation of toluene, phenol, and -cresol by the dissimilatory iron-reducing organism, GS-15. Appl Environ Microbiol 56 1858-1864. 

Oremland RS, SE Hoeft, JM Santini, N Bano, RA Hollibaugh, JT Hollibaugh (2002) Anaerobic oxidation of arsenite in Mono Lake water and by a facultative, arsenite-oxidizing chemoauthotroph strain MLHE-1. Appl Environ Microbiol 68 4795-4802. 

Roy F, E Samain, HC Dubourguier, G Albagnac (1986) Synthrophomonas (sic) sapovorans sp. nov., a new obligately proton reducing anaerobe oxidizing satnrated and unsatnrated long chain fatty acids. Arch Microbiol 145 142-147. 

Stieb M, B Schink (1985) Anaerobic oxidation of fatty acids by Clostridium bryantii sp. nov., a sporeforming, obligately syntrophic bacterium. Arch Microbiol 140 387-390. 

Schouten S, SG Wakeham, EC Hopmans, JSS Damste (2003) Biogeochemical evidence that thermophilic archaea mediate the anaerobic oxidation of methane. Appl Environ Microbiol 69 1680-1686. 

Biegert T, G Fuchs (1995) Anaerobic oxidation of toluene (analogues) to benzoate (analogues) by whole cells and by cell extracts of a denitrifying Thauera sp. Arch Microbiol 163 407-417. 

Biegert T, G Fuchs, J Heider (1996) Evidence that anaerobic oxidation of toluene in the denitrifying bacterium Thauera aromatica is initiated by formation of benzylsuccinate from toluene and fumarate. Eur J Biochem 238 661-668. 

Harms G, K Zengle, R Rabus, F Aeckersberg, D Minz, R Rossell6-Mora, F Widdel (1999) Anaerobic oxidation of o-xylene, m-xylene, and homologous alkylbenzenes by new types of sulfate-reducing bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 65 999-1004. 

Mohamed ME-S, B Seyfried, A Tschech, G Euchs (1993) Anaerobic oxidation of phenylacetate and 4-hydroxy-phenylacetate to benzoyl-coenzyme A and COj in denitrifying Pseudomonas sp. Arch Microbiol 159 563-573. 

Seyfried B, G Glod, R Schocher, A Tschech, J Zeyer (1994) Initial reactions in the anaerobic oxidation of toluene and m-xylene by denitrifying bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 60 4047-4052. 

Scheme 10.7 Oxidative kinetic resolution of alcohols using chiral bis-NHC hgands [26-28] 10.3.1.2 Anaerobic Oxidation...

Fe IV) complexes containing [Fe(R2tffc)3] ions were reported a few years ago by Pasek and Straub 51). Air oxidation of Fe(R2[Pg.98]

Rosenfeld, W.D., Anaerobic oxidation of hydrocarbons by sulfate-reducing bacteria, J. Bacteriol., 54, 664-668, 1947. 

FIGURE 3.10 EPR of ferricyanide. Potassium ferricyanide is a general-purpose oxidant of metalloproteins. The low-spin 3c/5 Fe(III) of frozen dissolved K3Fe(CN)6 gives a broad 5=1/2 spectrum with main peak at g = 2.68 (v = 9407 MHz T = 15.5 K). The sharper feature around g = 2 is from an iron-sulfur cluster anaerobically oxidized in this experiment by ferricyanide to the [3Fe-4S]1+ form with S = 1/2. 

During the accelerating process, regeneration of redox mediator can be linked to the anaerobic oxidation of organic substrates by microorganisms. 

Aquifer sediments in the model are confined by and interleaved with fine-grained sediments that contain sedimentary organic matter. The organic matter decays gradually by microbial fermentation and anaerobic oxidation,... 

Fig. 3. Decay of the H202 concentration versus time during the anaerobic oxidation reaction with cysteine in the presence of CuS04. First stage of constant rate (first-order in [Cu]) during the period of oxidation, second stage of increasing rate after completion of the oxidation of cysteine to cystine. Reprinted from Journal of Molecular catalysis, vol. 11, Zwart, J. van Wolput, J. H. M. C. van der Cammen, J. C. J. M. Koningsberger, D. C. Accumulation and Reactions of H202 During the Copper Ion Catalyzed Autoxidation of Cysteine in Alkaline Medium, p. 69, Copyright (2002), with permission from Elsevier Science.

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