Amyl valerianate

Amyl Valerianate,—This ester is an oil of strong apple odour, and is used for the preparation of cider essence. Its formula is CgHjj. CgH O.. ... 

Valerian-Sl, n. valerian oil. -sSure, /. valeric acid, valerianic acid. -sMureamylather, m. amyl valerate. -sSuresalz, n. salt of valeric acid, valerate. 

The slight solubility of yellow phosphorus in several other liquids has been notioed— e.g. ethyl chloride, ethylene chloride, chloroform, bromoform, ohloral, acetic ether, acetone aldehyde, cacodyl sulphide, allyl thiooyanate, mercury methide, valerianic acid, amyl valerate, fusel oil, benzoyl chloride, stannic chloride, ethyl nitrite, nicotine, coniine, cavutchin, styrene, aniline, quinoline, creosote, etc. J. Hartmann found that 100 grms. of bile at 38-5° dissolved 0 02424 grm. of phosphorus, and more at a higher temp. 

SYNS AMYL ALDEHYDE BUTYL FORMAL PENTANAL n-PENTANAL VALERAL VALERIANIC ALDEHYDE VALERIC ACID ALDEHYDE VALERIC ALDEHYDE VALERYLALDEHYDE... 

Amyl (symbol Ayl) Amyl-ether Hydride of amyl Potato-oil Chloride of amyl Bromide of amyl Iodide of amyl Zinc-amyl Acetate of amyl Sulphamylic acid Amylene Valerianic acid... 

Properties Colorless liquid penetrating odor and taste. D 0.9394 (20/4C), bp 185.4C, refr index 1.4081 (20C), vap press 0.08 mm Hg (20C), fp -34C, flash p 205F (96C) (OC). Soluble in water, alcohol and ether. Undergoes reactions typical of normal monobasic organic acids. Combustible. Derivation With other C5 acids by distillation from valerian, by oxidation of n-amyl alcohol, numerous essential oils. 

C.5) (C.5) Pentanal, pentanal, valeraldehyde valerianic aldehyde, amyl aldehyde (110-62-3] FEMA 3098... 

Amyl valerlate 1469, 4303 C4HgCOOC Kxi Apple oil valerianate of amyl. 

The acid obtained from valerian root is identical with the acid obtained by the oxidation of opiiGally itwciite amylic alcohol The artificial product, being obtained from the commercial mixture of active and inactive alcohols, is a mixture in different proportions of the two acids mentioned above. 

It is a slightly yeUowish liquid sp. gr. 0.877 boils at 95° (203° F.> its vapor explodes when heat to 260° (500° F.) insoluble in water soluble in alcohol in all proportions vapor orange-colored. Alcoholic solution of potash decomposes it slowly, with formation of potassium nitrite and oxides of ethyl and amyl. When dropped upon fused potash, it ignites and yields potassium valerianate. 

Taleriauate of AmyL Mix carefully 4 parts fusel oil with 4 pmts sulphuric acid when cold, add 5 parts valerianio acid, 7arm the mixture for a few minutes in a water-bath, then mix it with a little water, which causes the ether to separate. Purify this by washing it with water, and a weak solution of carbonate of soda. An alcoholic solution of valerianate of amyl constitutes essence,... 

Beilstein Handbook Reference) AI3-16105 Amyl aldehyde BRN 1516304 Butyl formal CCRIS 3220 EINECS 203-784-4 FEMA Number 3098 HSDB 851 NSC 35404 Pentanal n-Pentanal Pentyl aldehyde UN2058 Valeral Valeraldehyde n-Valeraldehyde Valerianic aldehyde Valeric acid aldehyde Valeric aldehyde n-Valeric aldehyde Valetyl aldehyde Valerylaldehyde. Liquid mp = -91.5° bpn 103° d = 0.8095 Xm = 178,182,184 nm (gas) slightly soluble in H2O, soluble in EtOH, EtzO. 

When exposed to air it oxidizes very slowly quite rapidly, however, in contact with platinum-black, forming valerianic acid. The same acid, along with other substances, is produced by the action of the more powerful oxidants upon amyl alcohol. Chlorin attacks it energetically, forming amyl chlorid, HCl, and other chlorinated derivatives. Sulfuric acid dissolves in amyl alcohol, with formation of amyl-sulfuric acid, S04(CtHu)H, corresponding to ethyl-sulfuric acid. It also forms similar acids with phosphoric, oxalic, citric, and tartaric acids. Its ethers, when dissolved in ethyl alcohol, have the taste and odor of various fruits, and are used in the preparation of artificial fruit-essences. Amyl alcohol is also used in analysis as a solvent, particularly for certain alkaloids, and in pharmacy for the artificial production of valerianic acid and the valerianates. 

Valerianic acids—C4HtCO,OH—102.—Corresponding to the four primary amylic alcohols, there are four possible amylic or valeri- anic acids, of which three, I., II., and IV., are known. 

I. Normal valerianic acid—Butylformic acid—Propylacetic acid —is obtained by the oxidation of normal amylic alcohol. It is an oily liquid, boils at 185° (365° F.), and has an odor resembling that of butyric acid. 

It is prepared either by distilling water from valerian i-oot, or, more economically, by mixing rectified amylic alcohol with HjS04, adding when cold, a solution of potassium dichromate, and distilling after the reaction has become moderated the distillate is neutralized with sodium carbonate and the acid is obtained from the sodium valerianate so pi oduced, by decomposition by HaSOt and rectification. 

It contains d-pinene, eucalyptol, eudesmic acid, amyl ester, a free alcohol, and a valerianic ester. 

The crude oil was light lemon-coloured, had an indistinct odour at first, but distinctly a secondary aromatic one. The chief constituents were dextro-rotatory pinene, geraniol, geranyl-acetate, gerany 1-valerian-.ate, a small amount of a sesquiterpene, tc ether with a little volatile a,ldehyde, and most probably a minute quantity of amyl-acetate. No other terpene than pinene was detected and cineol was quite absent. 

The principal compounds present are the alcohols geraniol and citro-nellol, together with esters of these two bodies. The term reuniol was at one time applied to alcohols present in this oil, but it has long been shown to be merely an impure form of one or other of the two alcohols mentioned. Linalol, borneol, terpineol, phenylethyl alcohol, and probably amyl alcohol are also present in small amounts. The esters present are principally those of tiglic acid, but small quantities of esters of acetic, butyric, valerianic, and caproic acids are also present. It is usual to express the esters of geranium oil in terms of geranyl tiglate. 

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