Amyl acetate formate

Esters of medium volatility are capable of removing the water formed by distillation. Examples are propyl, butyl, and amyl formates, ethyl, propyl, butyl, and amyl acetates, and the methyl and ethyl esters of propionic, butyric, and valeric acids. In some cases, ternary azeotropic mixtures of alcohol, ester, and water are formed. This group is capable of further subdivision with ethyl acetate, all of the ester is removed as a vapor mixture with alcohol and part of the water, while the balance of the water accumulates in the system. With butyl acetate, on the other hand, all of the water formed is removed overhead with part of the ester and alcohol, and the balance of the ester accumulates as a high boiler in the system. 

Amyl Acetate.—This is, with the exception of amyl formate, which is not of practical importance, the simplest possible ester of amyl alcohol, and has the formula CHj. COO. CsHjj. It is a fruity oil, with a strong odour resembling that of the pear, and is known as art ficial oil of pear. It is prepared on a very large scale by, for example, treating 100 parts of dry sodium acetate, 100 parts of amyl alcohol, and 130 parts of sulphuric acid for twelve hours at ordinary temperature, and then distilling off the ester. It has a specific gravity 0-876, and boils at 138°. The alcohol in this ester is not normal amyl alcohol, but isoamyl alcohol. 

Successful results have been obtained (Renfrow and Chaney, 1946) with ethyl formate methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, i o-butyl, sec.-butyl and iso-amyl acetates ethylenegl3rcol diacetate ethyl monochloro- and trichloro-scetates methyl, n-propyl, n-octyl and n-dodecyl propionates ethyl butyrate n-butyl and n-amyl valerates ethyl laurate ethyl lactate ethyl acetoacetate diethyl carbonate dimethyl and diethyl oxalates diethyl malonate diethyi adipate di-n-butyl tartrate ethyl phenylacetate methyl and ethyl benzoates methyl and ethyl salicylates diethyl and di-n-butyl phthalates. The method fails for vinyl acetate, tert.-butyl acetate, n-octadecyl propionate, ethyl and n-butyl stearate, phenyl, benzyl- and g aicol-acetate, methyl and ethyl cinnamate, diethyl sulphate and ethyl p-aminobenzoate. 

Methylene chloride Ethyl formate Amyl acetate... 

Organic acid esters carbonates (e.g. ethyl carbonate), formates, acetates (e.g. ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, amyl acetate), propionates, etc., oxalates (e.g. ethyl oxalate), maleates, phtha-lates (e.g. butyl phthalate) carbamates and phenylcarbamates (e.g. ethyl phenylcarbamate). 

Esters Methyl formate, methyl acetate, amyl acetate Irritant, liver, palpitations ... 

The ketone, the hydrogenation catalysts and the ammonium salt are present in an aqueous solution which may also contain a suitable organic solvent or solvents inert to the reactants and the products formed by the reaction As examples of useful organic solvents, mention may be made of alcohols such as methanol, ethanol and propanol ethers such as ethyl ether, propyl ether and ethyl hexyl ether esters such as methyl acetate, ethyl formate and amyl acetate, and various acids and hydrocarbon solvents well known in the art. 

Amyl acetate Amyl butyrate Amyl valerate Aenthol Anisyl formate Benzyl acetate Benzyl isobutyrate Butyric acid Cinnamyl valerate Cognac essential oil Diacetyl Dipropyl ketone Ethanol Ethyl acetate... 

Plates from amyl acetate or water Or 30% methanol- mp 119 5-121 amyl acetate 7 g/100 ml Also sol in chloroform ether, acetone methanol ethanol, other common organic solvents except satd hydrocarbons. Relatively heat-stable acid-stable destroyed by boding in aq soln at pH 7 for 1 hr but shows no loss of activity after 15 min boiling. At pH 2 it is not destroyed by boiling for 1 hr Rapidly inactivated at room temp by dil alkali with the formation of a volatile fragrant ketone, 2 4-drme thy (cyclohexanone Extremely repel tan r to rats. LD j t.v. in mice 150 mg/kg, Leach et of. loc, cit. 

Solubility of Iso Amyl Acetate Solubility of Amyl Acetate and Amyl in Aq. Alcohol Mixtures. Formate in Aq. Alcohol Mixtm-es. 

Isopropyl ether 4,4-Dimethyl-1,3-dioxane Benzene Amyl formate Amyl acetate... 

Swem and Jordan [60] prepared the allyl esters of caproic, caprylic, pelargonic, capric, lauric, myristic, palmitic, and stearic acids. Attempts to bulk polymerize the compounds with 0.5% of dibenzoyl peroxide resulted in only a slight lowering of the monomers iodine numbers, indicating very limited polymer formation. Copolymers with diallyl o-phthalate seemed to form with 1-20% of allyl esters. These copolymers were insoluble in acetone, amyl acetate, benzene, and acetic acid. 

From the value of the equilibrium constant and its temperature variation one calculates free energies, enthalpies, and entropies for the reactions. As an illustration of the results obtained we give in Table XVIII thermodynamic values for ionic equilibria in benzyl acetate and t-amyl acetate. The remarkable aspect of these results is the positive AS values obtained for the formation of the protonated dimers of benzyl acetate and r-amyl acetate and the BzAc C3H3 association complex. Reactions involving the association of two entities result in the loss of three translational degrees of freedom, which corresponds to an entropy change of — (30-40)... 

Commercial amyl formate is an anhydrous, colorless liquid composed of a mixture of isomeric amyl formates with the isoamyl formate in predominance. This mixture is miscible with oils, hydrocarbons, alcohols, ketones and so forth. It is a solvent for cellulose esters, "Cumar , copal, gum esters, etc. It is able, when mixed with an alcohol, to dissolve shelloc and alkyd resin. It Is a less odoriferous and mare energetic solvent than amyl acetate. It also has bath a lower boiling point and a greater speed of evaporation. n-Butyl acetate and amyl formate have similar volatility and have substantially the same solvent power which permit free interchange of these only as far as these properties allow. 

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