Ampoules, injection

Reanimation respiratory methods cardiovascular - Isolanid or Strophanthin ampoules injected muscularly or venally digitalis preparations - ampoules, antiarrhythmia drugs. 

Treatment. It is carried out by the following methods a) Unithiol ampoule -1 ampoule injected subcutaneously or muscularly every 6 hours b) antihypoxia anditote complex consisting of Pyramem, vitamin B6, Centrophenoxin at average dose of 1 ampoule diluted in 250 ml glucose solution every 8 hours applied in drops venally c) early dialysis, specialised with Unithiol d) symptomatic and organ-protective medication. 

Prostaglandin Ej-a-CyD 20 i,g/ampoule Injection Chronic arteriosclerotic obstraction Prostandin... 

The ability to remove particulates has made RO indispensable in the production of ultra-pure water for microchip washing. Its ability to remove large molecules enables it to produce pyrogen-free water for the pharmaceuticals industry. In the USA and elsewhere RO is permitted for producing the water used in making up injectable preparations. The European Pharmacopoeia still insists on distillation for this, but the larger amounts of water needed for ampoule washing, etc. are often purified by RO. 

Method A Agitated Glass Ampoule. The bench scale apparatus developed for these runs consisted of a 12 mm O.D. glass ampoule suspended in a fluidized bed heater (Figure 1). Approximately 1 g of polypropylene pellets (Himont) were placed in the ampoule and preheated for 2 min. at 220°C. A 29 cm long screw with a pitch of 1 mm and a diameter of 6 mm driven at approximately 160 rpm was inserted into the ampoule. The appropriate amount of free-radical initiator, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-bis(t-butyl peroxy) hexane (Lupersol 101, Lucidol), required for a 0.04 wt% initiator concentration was then injected into the sample... 

In the case of injectables and ophthalmic preparations which are manufactured aseptically but do not receive a sterilization treatment in their final container the packaging has to be sterilized. Dry heat at 170°C is often used for vials and ampoules. Containers and closures may also be sterilized by moist heat, chemicals and irradiation, but consideration for the destruction or removal of bacterial pyrogens may be necessary. 

Heating in an autoclave for injections packed in glass ampoules. 

Certain small-volume injections are available where the dmg is dissolved in a viscous oil because it is insoluble in water non-aqueous solvent must be used, hi addition, drags in non-aqueous solvents provide a depot effect, for example for hormonal compounds. The intramuscular route of injection must be used. The vehicle may be a metabolizable fixed oil such as arachis or sesame oil (but not a mineral oil) or an ester such as ethyl oleate which is also metabolizable. The latter is less viscous and therefore easier to administer but the depot effect is of shorter duration. The dmg is normally dissolved in the oil, filtered under pressure and distributed into ampoules. After sealing, the ampoules are sterilized by dry heat, for example, at 160°C for 2 hours. A bactericide is probably ineffective in such a medium and therefore offers very httle protection against contamination in a multidose oily injection. 

The first official injection (morphine) appeared in the British Pharmacopoeia (BP) of 1867. It was not until 1898 when cocaine was added to the BP that sterilization was attempted. In this country, the first official injections may be found in the National Formulary (NF), published in 1926. Monographs were included for seven sterile glass-sealed ampoules. The NF and the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) published chapters on sterilization as early as 1916, but no monographs for ampoules appeared in USP until 1942. The current USP contains monographs for over 500 injectable products [1]. 

Process controls include daily testing of water for injection (USP), conformation of fill doses and yields, checking and approving intermediate production tickets, and checking label identity and count. Finished product control includes all the tests necessary to ensure the potency, purity, and identity of the product. Parenteral products require additional tests, which include those for sterility, pyrogens, clarity, and particulate analysis, and for glass-sealed ampoules, leaker testing. 

The antidotic complex of atropine (0.1% solution of atropine sulfate in 1.0-ml ampoules) and carboxime (15% injection solution in 1.0-ml ampoules) is proposed as a basic antidotic means aimed at the usage for the OPC destruction. 

A liquid flow microcalorimeter, the thermal activity monitor (TAM), is commercially available from ThermoMetric (formerly LKB/Bofors). This instrument consists of two glass or steel ampules with a volume of 3 to 4 cm3 (25 cm3 ampule available with a single detector), placed in a heat sink block. Recently, an injection-titration sample vessel was developed which acts as a microreactor. This vessel is provided with flow-in, flow-out, and titration lines, with a stirring device. The isothermal temperature around the heat sink is maintained by a controlled water bath. Each vessel holder, containing an ampoule, is in direct contact with a thermopile array, and the two arrays are joined in series so that their output voltages subtract. The two pairs of thermopile arrays are oppositely connected to obtain a differential output,... 

To administer such large doses, the authors had to have the atropine solutions prepared in a more concentrated form. The new injectable ampoules contained 50 mg per cc instead of the usual 2 or 5mg. These megadoses of atropine, and the claim that the resulting coma and delirium could be reversed by 4 mg of a dmg known to be ineffective in treating atropine toxicity, might have caused their reports to be r arded as balderdash by some readers. 

Dosage form Campath is a sterile isotonic solution for injection. Each single use ampoule of Campath contains alem-tuzumab 30 mg. 

The previous edition of this book contained a detailed description of abuse of the antiemetic tablet preparation cyclizine by illicit drug users, nearly always crushed and injected along with methadone tablets or ampoules. Cyclizine is a constituent of Diconal along with the opioid dipipanone, and it seems that cyclizine has an opioid-enhancing effect which partly accounts for the particularly euphoriant property of Diconal. This could therefore be reproduced by combining cyclizine with the synthetic opioid methadone, and the intention to do this led to a wave of patients in the UK attempting to have their methadone prescribed in the ampoule or tablet form. 

Behaviours which increase the risk of acquiring or transmitting HIV, including various injecting and sexual practices Drugs which are illegal to obtain or use in a specific country Usually refers to preparations which are meant to be injected, e.g. methadone ampoules, although can refer to tablets, etc., which may be abused by injection... 

The sterile solutions are filled in different sizes of vials and ampoules. One dosage form is lyophilized injection and filled in A-ml vials. To ensure the sterility during the aseptic processing, it was decided to revalidate the A-ml vials sterilization/depyrogenation cycle once in a year by one heat penetration study and endotoxin challenge test. 

The most commonly used opiate substitute is methadone which has been available since the Second World War. It is a potent analgesic with a long half life, and thus once substituted for diamorphine can be reduced over a variable period of time. It is available in ampoules (for injection), tablets, linctus (2 mg in 5 ml), and mixture (1 mg in 1 ml). The use of ampoules and tablets is to be discouraged and many centres now are using the methadone mixture. This can be prescribed by any medical practitioner and requires no central licence. The use of ampoules and tablets has led to abuse, and these preparations have more of a black market value than the mixture. The amount of mixture used will depend on the amount of street heroin consumed and its potency, but it is usual to start at a safe dosage of between 30 and 50 mg daily for opiate dependents consuming half to one gramme... 

Characterization. A major emphasis has been placed on the use of small samples of polymer. This enables 1) a variety of different types of experiments such as G value determination and 2) a sufficient number of experiments to enable statistical evaluation of derived values, to be performed on small amounts of polymer produced in the laboratory, as in copolymerizations to low conversions (necessary to avoid drifting in composition). Yields of small molecule products were obtained from 10-50 mg samples of polymer utilizing a technique of breaking an ampoule of the irradiated polymer in a specially constructed injection system in a gas chromatograph (2). 

Prior to administration, the dry content of an ampoule is mixed with 1.9 ml of water to give a clear injection solution. 

AMPOULE. Sometimes spelled ampule, a small sealed glass conlainer for drugs that are to be given by injection. As they are completely sealed, the contents are kept in their original sterile condition. 

Amobarbital is a barbituric acid derivative of intermediate duration of action. It is administered orally in doses of 15 to 200 mg as a sedative hypnotic and in ampoules of 65 to 500 mg for intravenous and intramuscular injection for the seizure control.6 Following a single oral dose of 120 mg, peak serum concentrations averaged 1.8 mg/L after 2 h.7 After an oral dose of 600 mg distributed over a 3-h period, the peak blood concentration was achieved after 30 min, averaging 8.7 mg/L, with a decline to 4.1 mg/L by 18 h.6... 

The mass spectra of the gases evolved from the deuterated SWNT sample heated in vacuum were measured with the MI 1201V mass spectrometer. Gas ionization in the ion source of the spectrometer was produced with a 70-eV electron beam. To obtain the gas phase, the sample was placed in a quartz ampoule of a pyrolyzer that was connected to the injection system of the mass spectrometer through a fine control valve. Then the ampoule was evacuated to a pressure of about 2-x 10-5 Pa in order to remove the surface and weakly bound impurities from the sample. After the evacuation, the ampoule was isolated from the vacuum system and the sample was heated to 550°C in five steps. At each step, the sample was kept at a fixed temperature for 3 h then the fine control valve was open and the mass-spectrometric analysis of the gas collected in the ampoule was performed. After the analysis, the quartz ampoule was again evacuated, the valve was closed, and the sample was heated to the next temperature. The measurements were carried out over the range 1 < m/z < 90, where m is the atomic mass and z is the ion charge. The spectrometer resolution of about 0.08% ensured a reliable determination of the gas-phase components. 

Titration calorimetry can be used to introduce a liquid to a solid or a liquid to a liquid. In this case, the sample is placed in a stainless steel ampoule and the liquid to be titrated is placed in an external reservoir. To avoid problems with temperature gradients the external reservoir should be maintained at the same temperature as the sample. The titrant enters the sample ampoule via a stainless steel cannula. The injections are computer controlled, and the amounts required are entered into the software before an experiment is initiated. 

---