Ammonium phosphates, quaternary

Cationic, anionic, and amphoteric surfactants derive thek water solubiUty from thek ionic charge, whereas the nonionic hydrophile derives its water solubihty from highly polar terminal hydroxyl groups. Cationic surfactants perform well in polar substrates like styrenics and polyurethane. Examples of cationic surfactants ate quaternary ammonium chlorides, quaternary ammonium methosulfates, and quaternary ammonium nitrates (see QuARTERNARY AMMONIUM compounds). Anionic surfactants work well in PVC and styrenics. Examples of anionic surfactants ate fatty phosphate esters and alkyl sulfonates. 

Long-chain quaternary alkyl-ammonium phosphates (27) Quaternary alkylammonium and alkylpyridinium mercury amido-sulfonates (28)... 

A mixture of 7-[(Z)-2-ethoxyimino-2-(2-tritylaminothiazol-4-yl)acetamido]-3-iodomethyl-3-cephem-4-carboxilate (4.5 g, 4.83 mmoles) and N-methylpyrrolidine (0.65 ml, 6.28 mmoles) in CH2CI2 (45 ml) was stirred at room temperature for 20 min. Ether (300 ml) was added to the mixture to separate the quaternary salt of the blocked cephalosporin, which was collected by filtration and treated with 90% trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) (40 ml) at room temperature for 1 hour. The mixture was then evaporated under reduced pressure below 20°C. The residue was triturated with ether to give the TFA salt of 7-[(Z)-2-methoxyimino-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)acetamido]-3-[(l-methyl-l-pyrrolidinium)methyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylate (2.40 g), which was dissolved in methanol (5 ml) and treated with 1 M solution of sodium-2-ethylhexoate in ethyl acetate (8 ml) at room temperature for 30 min. After the addition of ethyl acetate (100 ml), the precipitate (1.94 g) formed was collected by filtration. HPLC analysis showed that the crude product was 7% pure with a 1 8 ratio of the S3 isomer to the S2 isomer. Purification of the product by HPLC was repeated three times (Lichrosorb RP-18, eluted with 5% aqueous methanol or 0.01 M ammonium phosphate buffer (pH 7.2 containing 5% of methanol) to give 35 mg (1.5%) of the title product as a colorless powder of 7-[(Z)-2-methoxyimino-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)acetamido]-3-[(l-methyl-l-pyrrolidinium)methyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylate. Estimated purity (by HPLC) 90%. M.p. 150°C (dec.). 

Hydroxyethyl cellulose Hydroxyethyl cellulose ether 2-Hydroxyethyl cellulose ether. See Hydroxyethylcellulose Hyd roxyet hy I cel I u I ose-2-hyd roxyp ro py I trimethyl ammonium chloride ether. See Polyquaternium-10 Hydroxyethyl cetyidimonium chloride CAS 24625-03-4 EINECS/ELINCS 246-369-3 Synonyms Ammonium, hexadecyl (2-hydroxyethyl) dimethyl-, chloride Cetyl dimethyl hydroxyethyl ammonium chloride Dimethyl hydroxyethyl cetyl ammonium chloride Hexadecyl (2-hydroxyethyl) dimethyl ammonium chloride Quaternium-44 Classification Quaternary ammonium salt Empirical C20H44NO Cl Formula [CH3(CH2)i5N(CH3)2CH2CH20H] Cl" Uses Antlstat, surfactant in cosmetics Hydroxyethyl cetyidimonium phosphate CAS 85563-48-0 EINECS/ELINCS 287-619-1 Synonyms Cetyl dimethyl hydroxyethyl ammonium phosphate Hexadecyl (2-hydroxyethyl) dimethylammonium dihydrogen phosphate... 

Improved bond strength in ceramic bodies is attained with mixtures of monoaluminum phosphate and colloidal silica when used with finely divided refractory powders of zircon, zirconia, or alumina (480). The reaction of P,0, with silica at relatively low temperature develops high bond strength in refractory compositions thus silica sol may be mixed with ammonium phosphate or other P,Os precursors at relatively low pH and used in minimal quantities as a binder in refractories (481,482). According to Lee, the binding properties of colloidal silica are improved by adding a soluble quaternary ammonium silicate such as tetramethylammonium silicate which is sufficiently alkaline to interact with the colloidal silica and cdhlesce it in a cement structure (483). 

The phosphate-quaternary ammonium hetero-gemini surfactant [P] of Fig. 2 was synthesized by a surprisingly simple two-step, one-pot reaction, shown in Scheme 1 [58]. A fatty alcohol was reacted with the cyclic ethylene chlorophosphate to yield the intermediate 1, which was subsequently ring-opened by an alkyldimethylamine to form the desired gemini surfactant 2. A... 

Synonyms Cetyl dimethyl hydroxyethyl ammonium phosphate Hexadecyl (2-hydroxyethyl) dimethylammonium dihydrogen phosphate Ciassification Quaternary ammonium salt Empiricai C23H44NQ H2Q4P Formuia [CH3(CH2) CH2N(CH3)2CH2CH20H] H2P04 ... 

Man-made, synthetic fibers need spin finishes, which enable production and processing of the fiber, such as drawing, warping and texturizing. They simultaneously act as lubricants and impart antistatic properties. They are applied onto the surface of the fiber and are formulations that contain lubricants (natural oils, e.g., - coconut or - peanut oil, fatty acids, esters and the ethoxylates of fatty alcohols, or - castor oil), emulsifiers (soaps, sulfonated oils, - fatty alcohol ether phosphates, - fatty amines either ethoxylated or quatemized, and - fatty alcohol ethoxylates). They contain also antistatic agents such as fatty alcohol ether phosphates, quaternary ammonium compounds and betains. 

In general, the first step in virtual screening is the filtering by the application of Lipinski s Rule of Five [20]. Lipinski s work was based on the results of profiling the calculated physical property data in a set of 2245 compounds chosen from the World Drug Index. Polymers, peptides, quaternary ammonium, and phosphates were removed from this data set. Statistical analysis of this data set showed that approximately 90% of the remaining compounds had ... 

Complex Ion Formation. Phosphates form water-soluble complex ions with metallic cations, a phenomenon commonly called sequestration. In contrast to many complexing agents, polyphosphates are nonspecific and form soluble, charged complexes with virtually all metallic cations. Alkali metals are weakly complexed, but alkaline-earth and transition metals form more strongly associated complexes (eg, eq. 16). Quaternary ammonium ions are complexed Htde if at all because of their low charge density. The amount of metal ion that can be sequestered by polyphosphates generally increases... 

Some examples of organic anionic inhibitors are sodium phosphates, thioureas and sodium MBT phosphionates (mercaptobenzothiazole). Some examples of organic cationic inhibitors are amines, amides, quaternary ammonium salts, and imidazoline. 

De-icing compositions for the removal of ice or for prevention of its reformation on automobile windshields are prepared from 1 part polyol, 1 part alcohol, and 0.05 part fluorinated surfactant, e.g., ammonium salts of mono- and bisfluoroalkyl phosphates and their complexes with aliphatic quaternary methyl sulfates [287]. 

Surfactants are also used to break low mobility oil emulsions. Organic amines and quaternary ammonium salts (128), alkylphenol ethoxylates (128), poly(ethylene oxide-co-propylene oxide-co-propylene glycol) (129) and alkyl- or alkylaryl polyoxyalkylene phosphate esters (130) are among the surfactants that have been used. 

Partitioning of carbocations between addition of nucleophiles and deprotonation, 35, 67 Perchloro-organic chemistry structure, spectroscopy and reaction pathways, 25, 267 Permutational isomerization of pentavalent phosphorus compounds, 9, 25 Phase-transfer catalysis by quaternary ammonium salts, 15, 267 Phosphate esters, mechanism and catalysis of nucleophilic substitution in, 25, 99 Phosphorus compounds, pentavalent, turnstile rearrangement and pseudoration in permutational isomerization, 9, 25... 

Nitrite substitutes can be divided into seven chemical categories (1) amine benzoates (2) fatty acid amines (3) phosphate or carbonate silicates (4) organophosphates (5) amine borates (6) alkanolamines and (7) quaternary ammonium compounds ("quats"). Thus, the technology already exists for replacing nitrite with no loss in rust protection. However, most replacements for nitrite are more expensive, less effective, less likely to be compatible with other additives, and work by a different mechanism (12). It is therefore not surprising that fluids containing nitrite are still relatively com mon. 

One of the earliest reports on the use of dendrimers in catalysis is the unimolecu-lar decarboxylation of 6-nitro-benzisoxazole-3-carboxylate in the presence of a dendrimer comprising ether dendrons which are functionalized at their periphery with tetra-alkylammonium cations (e.g. 20, Scheme 21) [30]. In aqueous media, the quaternary ammonium groupings promote the reactivity of organic anions which presumably bind in high concentration to the polycationic periphery of the dendrimer. The latter species enhances the rate of the bimolecular hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl diphenyl phosphate catalyzed by o-iodosobenzoate ion. 

The rate of reaction of phosphorus oxychloride with phenols to produce triaryl phosphates is increased by the addition of quaternary ammonium salts and the reaction temperature can be reduced without loss of overall yield [1,2]. The analogous reaction between phenoxide anions and thiophosphoryl chloride produces aryl phosphoro-dichloridothoates [3]. As with the acylation of enolizable (3-dicarbonyl compounds (3.3.12), phosphorylation leads to the predominant formation of the E-O-phos-phoryiated derivatives [4,5]. 

Diethyl phosphate esters of the sterically congested phenols of calixarenes have been prepared in acceptable yields (>55%) and used in the preparation of meta-cyclophanes [8]. The corresponding reaction using diethyl phosphite, with triethylamine in place of the quaternary ammonium catalyst, results in only partial phosphorylation of the hydroxyl groups. 

Quaternary ammonium derivative of 3,5-dinitrobenzoyl-L-leucine on ct-zirconium phosphate 175... 

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