Ammonium citrate treatment

The effect of ammonium citrate treatment alone was examined and is presented in Figure 4. The use of citric acid provides short term improvement in durability for the Versamid cured system. There is a decay in strength to the level of the controls after prolonged soaking at 57 C. 

Effect of ammonium citrate treatment on bond durability (57°C) of Versamid 140 cured joints (0) ammonium citrate, ( ) control. 

At present, only two aluminum phosphate ores are known to be used for direct application after thermal treatment. One such ore is found near Thies, in Senegal. The as-mined ore contains about 29 percent P205 on a dry basis after calcination it contains over 34 percent P205. The calcined product is ground to about 95 percent smaller than 0.15 mm and marketed for direct application under the trade name Phosphal. About 75 percent of the P205 is soluble in alkaline ammonium citrate, and the product is effective as superphosphate in calcareous, neutral, and acid... 

Fergon ferrous gluconate, ferric ammonium citrate (soluble ferric citrate iron(lll) ammonium citrate) has a variable composition. It can be used as an antianaemic in the treatment of iron-deficiency anaemia. 

Adhesion performance was evaluated by accelerated aging of torsion joints in water at 57°C. Surface treatment involves preactivation of the steel surface with aqueous ammonium citrate solution and treatment with the mercaptoester in organic solution. 

ESCA analysis of ammonium citrate and HTTHG treated steel is currently being undertaken in an attempt to better understand the chemical processes which are occuring at the surface. The following proposal is presented in an attempt to explain the bond improvement mechanism. As stated earlier, the ammonium citrate pretreatraent was found to be a necessary component of the treatment. Citric acid is known to be an effective treatment for the removal of iron oxide from stainless steel... 

Test B - Treated with a 3% aqueous ammonium citrate (pH 7.0 solution. Subsequent treatment with HTTHG in methanol for 15 minutes. 

A comparison of the various surface treatments is presented in Table V. The resin used was methylenedianiline cured at high temperature. All of the joints were polished with 600 grit emery cloth and treated with ammonium citrate, with the exception of the control and sand blasted joints. Sandblasting the surface increases the surface area and provides a means of mechanical interlocking of the adhesive with the substrate surface. This does improve the water durability to some extent, but the effect is small when compared to the results achieved with the coupling agents. Ammonium citrate, in addition to activating the surface, has a beneficial effect on durability. 

Lead (Pb) Most effort has been given to enhance remediation of Pb from recalcitrant calcareous soils. The results listed in Table 4.2 suggest that EDTA, acetic acid, and treatment of soil fines in suspension successfully reduce remediation times, while treatment with ammonium citrate at pH 10 was less successful. 

FIGURE 15.21 Drying of different iron salts applied by spin-coating on silicon wafers, the surface of which is hydrophiUc due to treatment with an aqueous H2O2-NH solution. Top left iron(II) ammonium sulfate top right ironflll) chloride. Bottom left iron nitrate bottom right iron ammonium citrate. 

Figure 8.1. Chromatograms produced on a 100 mm column of an amino acid analyser with 0.3 N sodium citrate solution (pH 7.00) as eluting agent (a) standard solution containing 1 unol/ml of each amino acid (b) 30 g of cabbage extract purified with Dowex 50-X8 in the ammonium form (0.97 mg of S-methylmethionine) and (c) the same sample as for (b) but after treatment at pH 10.0 for 30 minutes at 120 C. MMS S-methylmethionine, fils histidine, lys lysine, orn ornithine, arg arginine. From [12]...

The dialyzed enzyme solution was now subjected to a repetition of the preceding procedures admixture of suflBcient calcium phosphate gel to adsorb protein but leave the enzyme in solution centrifugation and addition of more gel to the supernatant to adsorb the enzyme elution of the enzyme from the gel with a mixture of 0.15 M acetate and 0.015 M citrate at pH 4.5 addition of solid ammonium sulfate to the eluate to 55% saturation and precipitation of the enzyme. At this stage, the purifications ranged from 650- to 1100-fold with a recovery of approximately 20-30% of the activity present in the crude red cell hemolysate. Solution of this precipitate, dialysis treatment with solid ammonium sulfate and collection of the precipitate appearing between 40 and 55% saturation yielded a preparation that represented a 1500-fold purification. The preparations were stable when left sedimented in the ammonium sulfate solution. 

De-nol Trade name for the potassium salt or mixed ammonium potassium salt of a bismuth citrate complex, used in the treatment of ulcers. 

Paracelsus made the general introduction of several heavy metals into medicine in the 16th century and nowadays the particular use of bismuth compounds is focused upon the treatment of disorders of the alimentary system (14 such drugs are commonly prescribed in Britain). Several of these medicines are based upon a red viscous colloidal bismuth citrate solution containing ammonium hydroxide plus a colourant, a sweetening agent and emollients such as sorbitol or glycerine at pH = 10. 

Tetracyclines, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory, antidepressants, " and mixtures of acidic drugs as well as veterinary drug residues have been determined by CZE (citric acid/citrate, borate, borate in MeOH, phosphate/MeOH, ammonium formate/formic acid/ACN, ammonium acetate, ammonium acetate/acetic acid/MeOH) and EKC (SDS/pH 2.5 phosphate buffer/ACN) methodologies in water samples from influent and effluent of sewage treatment plants as well as wastewater, river, surface and groundwater as compiled in Table 31.9. Estrogens have been receiving increased attention due to the already mentioned possible interference with the reproductive... 

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