Ammonia oxidizing bacteria

The chemolithoautotrophic bacteria participate intimately in the conversion and circulation of inorganic materials on Earth. In this book, mainly the properties of the chemolithoautotrophic bacteria and their relationship to the environment are described. The properties of the chemolithoautotrophic bacteria will be briefly surveyed below before their details are described in the corresponding chapters. 

These bacteria oxidize ammonia to nitrous acid via hydroxylamine (Fig. 1.7). A typical species of such bacteria is Nitrosomonas europaea. In addition to this, Nitrosomonas eutrophus, Nitrosococcus oceanus, Nitrosospira briensis, Nitrosolo-bus multiformis among others are known in this group. 

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Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria including Nitrosomonas europaea... 

Tal Y, JEM Watts, HJ Svchreier (2005) Anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and related activity in Baltimore inner harbor sediment. Appl Environ Microbiol 71 1816-1821. 

Erwin DP, IK Erickson, ME Delwiche, FS Colwell, JL Strap, RL Crawford (2005) Diversity of oxygenase genes from methane- and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in the Eastern Snake River plain aquifer. Appl... 

G. A. Kowalchuk, J. R. Stephen, W. DeBoer, J. 1. Prosser, T. M. Embley, and J. W. Woldendorp, Analysis of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria of the beta subdivision of the class Proteobacteria in coastal sand dunes by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and sequencing of PCR-amplified I6S ribosomal DNA fragments. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 6.1 1489 (1997). 

Koops, H.P. and Chritian, U., The lithotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, in Variations in Autotrophic Life, Shively, J.M. and Burton, L.L., Eds., Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Pub., New York, 1991. 

In a shallow aquifer, the oxidation of TCE and other chloroalkenes was compared under conditions of phenol or methane amendments (Hopkins, Semprini McCarty, 1993). The objective was to stimulate the growth and metabolism of bacteria comparable to P. cepacia G4 and M. trichosporium OB3b, respectively. It is possible, however, that the methane-stimulated bacteria expressed particulate (membrane-bound) methane monoxygenase, which is known to oxidize TCE much more slowly than sMMO (DiSpirito et al., 1992). Under the conditions used, the phenol stimulation led to greater removal of TCE and dichloroethylenes. Ammonia addition, thought to stimulate ammonia-oxidizing bacteria that oxidize TCE (Vanelli et al., 1990), showed the lowest extent of TCE oxidation in groundwater microcosm tests (Hopkins et al., 1993). 

Additionally, these iron materials may protect ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) from inactivation, which produces water nitrification that in turn promotes chloramine destruction. Numerical indicators for nitrification prevention, which are based... 

Casciotti, K. L., Sigman, D. M., and Ward, B. B. (2003). Linking diversity and stable isotope fractionation in ammonia-oxidizing bacteria. Geomicrobiol. J. 20, 335—353. 

Kowalchuk, G. A., and Stephen, J. R. (2001). Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria A model for molecular microbial ecology. Ann. Rev. Microbiol. 55, 485-529. 

AOB — Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria NOB - Nitrite-oxidizing bacteria IF — Immunofluorescence MPN — Most Probable Number... 

Bano, N., and HoUibaugh, J. T. (2000). Diversity and distribution of DNA sequences with affinity to ammonia-oxidizing bacteria of the beta subdivision of the class Proteohacteria in the Arctic Ocean. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66, 1960-1969. 

Bernhard, A. E., Dorm, T., Gibhn, A. E., and Stahl, D. A. (2005). Loss of diversity of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria correlates with increasing salinity in an estuary. Environmental Microbiology 7,... 

BoUman, A., and Laanbroek, H. J. (2002). Influence of oxygen partial pressure and salinity on the community composition of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in the Schelde estuary. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 28, 239-247. 

DoUhopf, S. L., Hyun,. H., Smith, A. C., Adams, H.., O Brien, S., and Kostka,. E. (2005). Quantification of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and factors controfling nitrification in salt marsh sediments. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, 240-246. 

Preitag, T. E., and Prosser, J. I. (2003). Community structure of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria within anoxic marine sediments. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69, 1359—1371. 

Koops, H. P., Purkhold, U., Pommerening-Roser, A., Timmermann, G., and Wagner, M. (2003). The lithoautotropohic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria. In The Prokaryotes An evolving electronic resource for the microbiological community (Dworkin, ed.). Springer, New York. 

McCaig, A. E., Phillips, C. J., Stephen, J. R., Kowalchuk, G. A., Harvey, S. M., Herbert, R. A., Embley, T. M., and Prosser, J. I. (1999). Nitrogen cycling and community strucmre of proteo-bacterial P-subgroup ammonia-oxidizing bacteria within polluted marine fish farm sediments. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 213, 213-220. 

O MuHan, G. D., and Ward, B. B. (2005). Relationship of temporal and spatial variabilities of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria to nitrification rates in Monterey Bay, CA. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, 697-705. 

Risgaard-Petersen, N., Nicolaisen, M. H., Revsbech, N. P., and Lomstein, B. A. (2004b). Competition between ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and benthic microalgae. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, 5528—5537. 

Smorczewski, W. T., and Schmidt, E. L. (1991). Numbers, activities, and diversity of autotrophic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in a fresh-water, eutrophic lake sediment. Canadian Journal of Microbi-ology 37, 828-833. 

Tal, Y., Watts, J. E. M., and Schreier, H. J. (2005). Anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and related activity in Baltimore inner Harbor sediment. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, 1816—1821. Teske, A., Aim, E., Regan, J. M., Toze, S., Pattmann, B. E., and Stahl, D. A. (1994). Evolutionary relationships among ammonia- and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria. Journal of Bacteriology 176, 6623-6630. 

Voytek, M. A., Ward, B. B., andPriscu,J. C. (1998). The abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in Lake Bonney, Anl ctica determined by immunofluorescence, PCR and in situ hybridization. Antarctic Research Series, The McMurdo Dry Valleys, pp. 217—228. 

Schmidt, I., Slickers, A. O., Schmid, M., Cirpus, I., Strous, M., Bock, E., Kuenen, G., and Jetten, M. S. M. (2002). Aerobic and anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria - competitors or natural partners FEMS Microb. Ecol. 39, 175—181. 

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