Ammonia distillation

Reagents such as water, ammonia, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, perchloric acid, and sulfuric acid can be purified via distillation (preferably under reduced pressure and particularly with perchloric acid) using an allglass still. Isothermal distillation is convenient for ammonia a beaker containing concentrated ammonia is placed alongside a beaker of distilled water for several days in an empty desiccator so that some of the ammonia distils over into the water. The redistilled ammonia should be kept in polyethylene or parafrin-waxed bottles. Hydrochloric acid can be purified in the same way. To ensure the absence of metal contaminants from some salts (e.g. ammonium acetate), it may be more expedient to synthesise the salts using distilled components rather than to attempt to purify the salts themselves. 

Largest sources waste ammonia liquor, ammonia distillation, crude light oil recovery Typical wastewater volume ... 

Conventional wastewater treatment techniques consist of physical/chemical treatments, including oil separation, dissolved gas flotation, and ammonia distillation (for removal of free cyanides, free sulfides, and ammonia) followed by biological treatment (for organics removal) and residual ammonia nitrification. Almost all residuals from coke-making operations are either recovered as crude byproducts (e.g., as crude coal tar, crude light oil, ammonium sulfate, or other sulfur compounds)... 

In other titrations, the component to be titrated is separated from soil and subsequently titrated. The simplest of these is the determination of soil ammonia. However, all forms of nitrogen in soil are important, so methods of converting other nitrogen-containing compounds to ammonia, distilling it, and determining its concentration by titration are important. 

When ammonia distilled from sodium metal is used, the yield is 3-5% greater, but use of ammonia straight from the tank is recommended because of the greater convenience. 

Nitrogen. — Mix 100 cc. of the potassium sulphide solution in a distilling flask with 50 cc. of nitrogen-free sodium hydroxide solution (sp. gr. 1.3). Add 1 gm. of zinc dust, and distil off about 50 cc., collecting the distillate in a U-tube receiver containing about 20 cc. of water and 2 to 3 cc. of decinormal hydrochloric acid. Titrate the distillate with decinormal potassium hydroxide, using methyl orange as the indicator. The ammonia distilled over should not have neutralized more than 0.2 cc. of the decinormal acid. 

The hydrochloric acid solution containing ammonium chloride is transferred to a flask, an excess of potassium hydroxide added, and the ammonia distilled and collected in 0.1N hydrochloric acid. The equation is... 

Nitrogen is determined by the Kjeldahl method using Devarda s alloy. The complex and the alloy are placed in a standard Kjeldahl apparatus and the ammonia distilled off from a 7.5 M sodium hydroxide solution into 2% boric acid. The ammonia is titrated with standard hydrochloric acid using bromocresol green-methyl red as indicator. 

Mazingarbe HWP. The Mazingarbe plant was started in 1968. The basic design described above was followed. The final concentration of 99.8% was achieved by ammonia distillation. The Mazingarbe plant was shut down in 1972 because of an explosion in the ammonia synthesis plant. 

Proteins in foods can be measured by NIR reflectance spectrometry with no sample preparation. This has replaced the standard Kjeldahl protein nitrogen determination, which required extensive sample preparation to convert protein nitrogen to ammonia, distillation of the released ammonia, and subsequent titration of the ammonia. The replacement of the Kjeldahl method for routine analysis by NIR has permitted online measurement of protein in food and beverage products. The Kjeldahl method is required for assaying the materials used to calibrate the NIR and for method validation. 

The ammoniacal gas and water are first disengaged, then the carbonate of ammonia distils over, and the calcium chloride remains in the retort. 

Ammonia (distillation, titrimetric, ammonia-selective electrode, phenate method) nitrite (ion chromatography, colorimetric) nitrate (ultraviolet spectrophotometric screening, nitrate electrode, reduction) organic (Kjeldahl, persulfate method) lodimetric and modifications, membrane electrode Acid digestion, colorimetric methods Gravimetric, atomic absorption spectrometry, colorimetric Colorimetry, iodometric, ion-selective electrode Gravimetric, turbidimetric, colorimetric... 

Ernest Soivay, who was granted a U.S. patent for a trayed ammonia distillation... 

Disperse 10 g in 80 ml of a mixture of ether and light petroleum (b.p. 60° to 80°) with the aid of gentle heat and extract with four 25-ml quantities of warm 33 per cent w/w acetic acid. Combine the extracts in the flask of an ammonia-distillation apparatus, cool and add 50 ml of 50 per cent sodium hydroxide solution and 2 g of sodium thiosulphate. Immediately connect the apparatus and distil the liberated ammonia into an excess of O IN sulphuric acid. Titrate the excess acid in the receiver with O IN sodium hydroxide using methyl red as indicator. 1 ml O IN H2SO4 0 02521 g ammoniated mercury. 

Weigh 0 3 g into the flask of an ammonia-distillation apparatus, dissolve in 300 ml of water and add 3 g of Devarda s alloy and 10 ml of... 

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