American Petroleum Institute gravity

When petroleum occurs in a reservoir that allows the cmde material to be recovered by pumping operations as a free-flowing dark-to-light colored hquid, it is often referred to as conventional petroleum. In some oil fields, the downhole pressure is sufficient for recovery without the need for pumping. Heavy oil differs from conventional petroleum in that its flow properties are reduced and it is much more difficult to recover from the subsurface reservoir. These materials have a much higher viscosity and lower API (American Petroleum Institute) gravity than conventional petroleum, and primary recovery of these petroleum types usually requires thermal stimulation of the reservoir. 

Three frequently specified properties are density—specific gravity—API gravity, characterization factor, and sulfur content (2,6,7). The API (American Petroleum Institute) gravity is a measure of density or specific gravity (sp gr) ... 

Other methods are also available for the estimation of diesel fuel quaUty. For example, the diesel index (DI) is defined by the relation DI = (A° F X ° API)/100, where A °F is the aniline point in degrees Fahrenheit and °API is the American Petroleum Institute gravity. A high aniline point corresponds to a high proportion of paraffins in the diesel fuel such a fuel has a high diesel index and, therefore, a high cetane number. 

API gravity, short for degrees, American Petroleum Institute gravity is a density scale used to relate this property of different crude oils and distillate fractions. 

API American Petroleum Institute gravity Bpcd barrels per calendar day... 

The gross heating value, density, and specific gravity of various fuel oils for a range of API gravities are shown in Fig. 6.24. The abscissa on this figure is the API (American Petroleum Institute) gravity and sp gr at 60-60°F (15°C) represents the ratio of oil density at 60°F (15°C) to water density also at 60°F (15°C). 

Another dimensionless quantity related to density is the API (American Petroleum Institute) gravity, which is often used to indicate densities of fuel oils. The relationship between the API scale and specific gravity is... 

Occasionally, the so-called API gravity (American Petroleum Institute gravity) is used in order to differentiate betvsreen heavy and light oils. The definition is given by... 

Oil gravity is most commonly expressed in degrees API, a measure defined by the American Petroleum Institute as... 

For practical engineering purposes, relative density at 15°C (288 K), widely used in countries outside the United States, is considered equivalent to specific gravity at 60°F (288.6 K). With the adoption of SI units, the American Petroleum Institute favors absolute density at 288 K instead of degrees API. 

API separator A facility developed by the Committee on Disposal or Refinery Wastes of the American Petroleum Institute for separation of oil from wastewater in a gravity differential and equipped with means for recovering the separated oil and removing sludge. 

Hydrometers are calibrated in density, specific gravity, and several arbitrary units such as degrees Baume (°Be), degrees American Petroleum Institute (°API), or °Brix. These units are used for specialized purposes in various industries. The relationship between the specific gravity (sp. gr.) of a liquid with a density less than water and these specialized units is given by the following equations ... 

The American Petroleum Institute °AP1 gravity is a measure of feed density compared to water. The formula used to obtain the API gravity of petroleum liquids is as follows ... 

Either American Petroleum Institute degrees (°API) or specific gravity provides information on the paraffinic or aromatic nature of crude. The API gravity of most crude oil falls between the range of 20°API to 45°API. 

API Gravity A scale devised by the American Petroleum Institute (API) designating an oil s specific gravity or the ratio of the weight of oil to pure water. 

From the American Petroleum Institute s (API) Technical Data Book—Petroleum Refining, specific heats, specific gravities, latent heats of vaporization, and percent vaporization can be obtained, for a given oil, as a function of flash-zone temperature (percent vaporization and flash-zone temperature are functionally related because the flash vaporization takes place adiabatically). This suggests a trial-and-error procedure Assume a flash-zone temperature and the associated percent vaporization then make an energy balance to check the assumptions. Finally, complete the material balance. 

Example 4.27 Assessment of separation of a 15-component mixture in two columns The feed for the separation system is a 15-component mixture containing a pseudocomponent, which is specified with an American Petroleum Institute (API) degree of API = 48.6 or a specific gravity of 0.786 (see Figure 4.34). The first column operates at 13.26 atm with 30 stages. The feed enters at stage 8. The top product is rich in propane and the mixture of isobutene... 

The physical properties for liquid fuels that interest combustion engineers most are gravity, both specific gravity and API (American Petroleum Institute) degree density flash and fire temperatures viscosity carbon residue ash water and sediment. These properties will be discussed below. 

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