Gross heating value

Measuring the gross heating value (mass) is done in the laboratory using the ASTM D 240 procedure by combustion of the fuel sample under an oxygen atmosphere, in a bomb calorimeter surrounded by water. The thermal effects are calculated from the rise in temperature of the surrounding medium and the thermal characteristics of the apparatus. 

Gross heating value of biomass or methane. Conversion of biomass or methane to another biofuel requires that the process conversion efficiency be used to reduce the potential energy available. These figures do not include additional biomass from dedicated energy plantations. 

To enable interchangeabiUty of the SNG with natural gas, on a calorific, flame, and toxicity basis, the synthetically produced gas consists of a minimum of 89 vol % methane, a maximum of 0.1% carbon monoxide, and up to 10% hydrogen. The specified minimum acceptable gross heating value is approximately 34.6 MJ/m (930 Btu/fE). 

Compound CAS Registry Number Formula Mol wt Boiling point, Iv Critical pressure, kPa Critical temperature, K Specific gravity, hquid Gross heating value, Ml/m ... 

Heat of combustion is the heat liberated or absorbed when one gram mole of the substance is completely oxidized to liquid water and CO2 gas at one atmosphere and 20°C or 25°C. (Cj-C hydrocarbons and cyclohexane at 25°C, others at 20°C). The gross heating value in Btu/ft could be calculated as follows ... 

Fuels, especially coals, are ranked according to limits on fixed carbon, volatile matter, and calorific value. Typical gross heating values of some common fuels (based on approximately 80% fuel to steam efficiency) are listed here ... 

R1 has the lowest gross heating value of 16.53 MJ/kg which resulted from the low percentage of nylon bag and the high biowaste content from input material. R2 contained the highest percentage of nylon bag thereafter, it received the highest... 

Fig. 17 Gross heating value comparison with fossil fuel and RDF from different studies...

In this study, heating value of dry sample and wet waste was determined with the calculation and analytic measurement. Gross heating value comparison between fossil fuel and RDF from different studies has been reported. Accordingly, heating value of wet RDF for the small or bigger scale of production process needs to be noticed. 

These equations can be used to calculate the gross heating value or higher heating value of fuel whereby water formed during combustion is condensed and combustion gases are cooled to the initial fuel-air temperature. 

The words gross and net refer to the condition of the water of combustion after burning takes place. Gross heating value is the heat produced in complete combustion under constant pressure with the combustion products cooled to standard conditions and the water in tire... 

The value frequently used in the petroleum industry is gross heating value (dry). This refers to complete combustion of a bone-dry gas with the water produced during combustion condensed to liquid. 

Equation 6-17 can be used to calculate gross heating value or net heating value. In either case, the values must be converted from ideal gas to real gas at standard conditions. This is done by dividing the ideal value by compressibility factor of the gas at standard conditions. 

EXAMPLE 6-12 Calculate the gross heating value of a separator gas of composition given below. 

First, calculate gross heating value of ideal gas and compressibility factor of the gas at standard conditions. 

Component Mole fraction Vj Gross Heating Value BTU/scf t-e) yiL=i Compressibility Factor Standard Conditions Zj yj yi -zj ... 

Calculated gross heating value = 1236 BTU per cubic foot of dry gas at 14.65 psia at 60" F. 

Gross heating value of the gas from the 200 psig separator ... 

---