Alphabetizing reference citations

Beginning writers sometimes incorrectly combine numerical and alphabetical reference formats. Consider the example below. The in-text citations are not numbered sequentially (i.e., 1, 2,3,...), and the literature cited is in alphabetical order rather than in citation order. 

All the references for all the chapters in a given volume are collected together in a merged list at the end of that volume (where they are most easily located). There are no separate chapter bibliographies. In the final list, references are given both in code and in full conventional form, with authors names. They appear in an ordered sequence, numerically by year, then alphabetically by journal code, and then by page number. Cross references to the text citation are also given in the reference list. 

The literature is covered through March 2009, supplementing the coverage used in the earlier hard cover chapter. These latest literature references have been collected in separate sections according to the sequence of the tables in the tabular survey section. In each of the sections, the individual citations have been arranged in alphabetic order of the author names. 

A References section is needed if you cite others works in your poster, unless you inserted an abbreviated reference directly into the text. If you include citations in only one section of your poster (e.g., the Introduction), the References section can be placed at the end of that section otherwise, include the references at the end or bottom of your poster. Format the references with the citation format used in the poster number them in citation order (if you used numerical citations) or arrange them alphabetically (if you used author—date citations). Because of space limitations, references may be abbreviated. Consider the following examples for a poster with numerical citations ... 

References Cited. Begin References Cited on a new page (Times New Roman 12-pt font, 1.5 line spacing). There is no page limit for this section, but we encourage you to limit references to those that have most greatly influenced your work. Format your references appropriately (numerical or alphabetical), paralleling the format used for in-line citations. Include full journal article titles and all authors listed in the order in which they appear in the journal article. 

The third ACS-approved approach to citing the literature is to use authors last names and year of publication (author name, year). This format is relatively uncommon in ACS journals but is frequently used in journals of other scientihc disciplines, such as Ecology and Reviews of Modern Physics. With the author—date citation technique, the authors last names, followed by a comma, a space, and the year of publication are placed in parentheses (or brackets in some journals). Publications with three or more authors are referred to by the last name of the first author, followed by et ah, a comma, and the year. Multiple citations are separated by semicolons and listed in alphabetical order (by first author). 

References for author-date citations are listed in alphabetical order. 

With In-text author-date citations, list references In alphabetical order by last name ofthe first author. 

For author-date citations, list your references alphabetically. 

References to the literature. References to the original data are given in the text, as Washburn.2 The exact citation can then be found in the list of references, which are given in alphabetical (and numerical) order, as Washburn,2 Bur. Standards J. Research 10, 525 (1933), where the numerals indicate, respectively, the volume, page, and year. The abbreviations used for the titles of the periodicals are those adopted as standard by the International Union of Chemistry (See, for example, Chemical Abstracts List of Periodicals Abstracted ). When the citation is that of a book, it is written as Washburn, Introduction to the Principles of Physical Chemistry, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York (1921), where the title is in quotation marks, and then in order follow the name of the publisher, the place of publication, and, in parentheses, the year of publication. If the book citation includes volume and page numbers, these follow immediately after the title. 

The citations for binary mixtures are given only once, in the entry for the constituent whose name occurs first in the alphabet. A cross-reference is always given under the name of the other constituent and in the following form ... 

Whichever citation method is used in the text, comprehensive details are required for the bibliography so that the reader has enough information to find the reference easily. Citations should be listed in alphabetical order with the priority first author, subsequent author(s), date. Unfortunately, in terms of punctuation and layout, there are almost as many ways of citing papers as there are journals ... 

We have been trying to keep track of published parameters for EFFs. To help you track down needed parameters, we list in this appendix the references we found. We include many of the commonly used force fields. They are arranged alphabetically. For each force field, we list the functional groups or atoms that have been parameterized. The notation is explained in the original papers, but some of the acronyms we use include FF (empirical force fields), OOP (out-of-plane bending), LP (lone pair), and vdW (van der Waals) the symbol indicates nonbonded interactions. For each entry, there is one or more associated citations. Those citations are gathered after the table in alphabetical order by first author of the citation. 

The reference for each entry is given by coded citation in the reference column. These citations are arrai ed alphabetically in the Bibliography. None of these references are listed in the Bibliographical Appendix. The references are drawn from the scientific literature and the United States Patent literature through January 1964, with a few subsequent inclusions. 

The references for each entry are given by coded citation in the reference column. These citations are arranged alphabetically in the Bibliography (Chapter VI). 

Following Chapter 16 is a complete alphabetical listing of all authors (last name, initials). The authors along with the pertinent reference are listed for each citation below the reaction. 

Chapter 1 presents an overview of fluorinated surfactants. The synthesis of fluorinated surfactants is discussed in Chapter 2. Since the space limitations precluded a detailed description of processes, patent citations are augmented by references to Chemical Abstracts. Physical and chemical properties are reviewed in Chapter 3. Chapters 4-7 are devoted to the theory of fluorinated surfactants liquid-vapor and liquid-liquid interface (Chapter 4), solid-liquid interface (Chapter 5), solutions of fluorinated surfactants (Chapter 6), and the structure of micelles and mesophases, including mixed surfactant systems, in Chapter 7. The practical application of fluorinated surfactants is the subject of Chapter 8. Various applications are listed in alphabetical order for easy access to information. Chapter 9 reviews the analytical and physical methods for the investigation of fluorinated surfactants. Chapter 10 examines the environmental and toxicological aspects, including the use of fluorinated surfactants in biological systems. 

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