Allogenic specificity

Figure 8. Anti-Thy-I PFC assay for allogenic specificity of brain and lymphoma Thy -l...

Thy-1 glycolipids isolated from the two-dimensional TLC plates in Figures 3 and 5 were tested for allogenic specificity with the anti-Thy-1 PFC assays. Values are the mean standard error of five cultures. Application of the Student t test to the standard errors for these samples gives p values less than 0.05 when compared wtih the Thy-1-active fraction (15/... 

Compare the different types of HCTs, specifically (a) the types of donors (i.e., autologous and allogeneic), (b) the source of hematopoietic cells (i.e., umbilical cord, peripheral blood progenitor cells, and bone marrow), and (c) the type of preparative regimen (i.e., myeloablative and nonmyeloablative). 

Tumor Vaccines. Autologous or allogenic tumor cells which are administered as vaccine (e.g., tumor cell lines tumor cell lysates primary explant). This group also includes autologous antigen presenting cells pulsed with tumor specific peptides or tumor cell lysates. 

Other. Autologous, allogenic, and xenogenic cells which do not specifically fit above. This group includes cellular therapies such as extracorporeal liver assist... 

The hypothesis of the existence of T cells that specifically regulate immune responses towards self and allogeneic antigens has been formulated since 25 years ago [21]. However, phenotype and functional properties of Treg have been at least partially defined only in the last few years. 

A much more promising approach is the active specific immune therapy, which tries to induce a specific immune response of the immune system against the tumor cells. It is possible to inject either autogenic or allogenic tumor cells or also a lysate thereof (7). 

Mitchell MS, Harel W, Kan-Mitchell J, et al. Active specific immunotherapy of melanoma with allogeneic cell lysates. Rationale, results, and possible mechanisms of action. Ann NY Acad Sci 1993 690 153-166. 

Mycophenolate mofetil is used together with cyclosporine and corticosteroids for the prophylaxis of acute organ rejection in patients undergoing allogeneic renal, or hepatic transplants. Compared with azathioprine it is more lymphocyte-specific and is associated with less bone marrow suppression, fewer opportunistic infections and lower incidence of acute rejection. More recently, the salt mycophenolate sodium has also been introduced. Mycophenolate mofetil is rapidly hydrolyzed to mycopheno-lic acid, its active metabolite. Mycophenolic acid is a reversible noncompetitive inhibitor of inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase, an important enzyme for the de novo synthesis of purines. As lymphocytes have little or no salvage pathway for purine... 

It is now well established that ganglioside added to culture media can modulate lymphocyte reactivity Iri vitro. Previous studies demonstrated this phenomenon in murine systems(8,9,10), and the present studies show that human peripheral blood mononuclear cell responses to non-specific mitogens and allogeneic stimuli are similarly sensitive to exogenous gangliosides. In none of these systems does the effect appear to be due to a nonspecific toxic effect as cell viability and several biological phenomena remain intact(9). Furthermore, the degree of inhibition is dose dependent. 

Tumorigenicity studies are also needed for certain cell therapy products based on the specific product attributes and clinical indications. Somatic cell therapy includes cells from various sources such as adult cells derived from the individual being treated (autologous), cells donated from one human to another (allogeneic), and cells from an animal source and used for human treatment (xenogeneic). Stem cell therapy includes cells derived from a variety of adult... 

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