Allergy atopic dermatitis

IL-5 is usually not present in high levels in humans. However, in a number of disease states where the number of eosinophils is elevated, high levels of IL-5 and its mRNA can be found in the circulation, tissue and bone marrow. These conditions include the diseases of the respiratory tract, hematopoietic system, gut and skin. Some other examples include food and drug allergies, atopic dermatitis, aspirin sensitivity and allergic or nonallergic respiratory diseases. 

Usually the APT has been used to diagnose delayed reactions in children with cow s milk allergy, atopic dermatitis, and for identification of causative food in eosinophilic esophagitis (Turnjamaa et al., 2006). 

Beside the well-established role of Th2 cells in allergy, it also became clear that not only Th2, but also Thl cells can contribute to allergic pathology, specifically in atopic dermatitis such as in acute lesional skin [10], where IFN-y is known to induce cell death in keratinocytes causing the spongiform pathology observed in atopic dermatitis [11]. 

Warner JO A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of ceti-rizine in preventing the onset of asthma in children with atopic dermatitis 18 months treatment and 18 months posttreatment follow-up. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2001 108 929-937. 

Diepgen TL Long-term treatment with cetirizine of infants with atopic dermatitis a multi-country, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial (the ETAC trial) over 18 months. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2002 13 278-286. 

As outlined above, SIT, which has been shown to involve adaptive and natural Tregs in respiratory allergy and insect venom allergy [46], appears to work in atopic dermatitis as well. During SIT the... 

Williams H, Flohr C How epidemiology has challenged three prevailing concepts about atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2006 118 209-213. 

Bussmann C, Bockenhoff A, Henke H, Werfel T, Novak N Does allergen-specific immunotherapy represent a therapeutic option for patients with atopic dermatitis J Allergy Chn Immunol 2006 118 1292-1298. 

Werfel T, Breuer K, Rueff F, Przybilla B, Worm M, Grewe M, Ruzicka T, Brehler R, Wolf H, Schnitker J, Kapp A Usefulness of specific immunotherapy in patients with atopic dermatitis and allergic sensitization to house dust mites a multicentre, randomized, dose-response study. Allergy 2006 61 202-205. 

Pajno GB, Caminiti L, Vita D, Barberio G, Salzano G, Lombardo F, Canonica GW, Passalacqua G Sublingual immunotherapy in mite-sensitized children with atopic dermatitis a randomized, double-blind, placebo-con-trolled study. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007 120 164-170. 

Werfel T, Breuer K Role of food allergy in atopic dermatitis. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2004 4 379-385. 

Schmid-Grendelmeier P, Fluckiger S, Disch R, Trautmann A, Wuthrich B, Blaser K, Scheynius A, Crameri R IgE-mediated and T cell-mediated autoimmunity against manganese superoxide dismutase in atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2005 115 1068-1075. 

Howell MD, Kim BE, Gao P, Grant AV, Boguniewicz M, Debenedetto A, Schneider L, Beck LA, Barnes KC, Leung DY Cytokine modulation of atopic dermatitis filaggrin skin expression. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007 120 150-155. 

T regulatory cells in atopic dermatitis and subversion of their activity by superantigens. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2004 113 756-763. 

Verhagen J, Akdis M, Traidl-Hoffmann C, Schmid-Grendelmeier P, Hijnen D, Knol EF, Behrendt H, Blaser K, Akdis CA Absence of T-regulatory cell expression and function in atopic dermatitis skin. J Allergy Chn Immunol 2006 117 176-183. 

Bussmann C, Maintz L, Hart J, Allam JP, Vrtala S, Chen KW, Bieber T, Thomas WR, Valenta R, Zuberbier T, Sager A, Novak N Clinical improvement and immunological changes in atopic dermatitis patients undergoing subcutaneous immunotherapy with a house dust mite allergoid a pilot study. Clin Exp Allergy 2007 37 1277-1285. 

Trautmann A, Akdis M, Schmid-Grendelmeier P, Disch R, Brocket EB, Blaser K, et al Targeting keratinocyte apoptosis in the treatment of atopic dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis. 1 Allergy Clin Immunol 2001 108 839-846. 

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