Atopic allergies

IL-5 is usually not present in high levels in humans. However, in a number of disease states where the number of eosinophils is elevated, high levels of IL-5 and its mRNA can be found in the circulation, tissue and bone marrow. These conditions include the diseases of the respiratory tract, hematopoietic system, gut and skin. Some other examples include food and drug allergies, atopic dermatitis, aspirin sensitivity and allergic or nonallergic respiratory diseases. 

Usually the APT has been used to diagnose delayed reactions in children with cow s milk allergy, atopic dermatitis, and for identification of causative food in eosinophilic esophagitis (Turnjamaa et al., 2006). 

In 135 children with suspected or documented systemic allergy (atopic eczema, asthma, cow milk s allergy, severe systemic reactions after previous doses of different vaccines), who were prick-tested with undiluted MMR vaccine before immunization, 122 of 126 prick-test-negative children received the MMR vaccine. No untoward reactions developed, except for mild generalized urticaria or fever in two vaccinees. The author concluded that allergic diseases should not be considered as contraindications to MMR immunization (132). 

Verres T, Stahl M, Melchers I, Luttmann W, Muller-Quernheim J, Zissel G IL-lO-producing monocytes differentiate to alternatively activated macrophages and are increased in atopic patients. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007 119 464-471. 

Kinet JP Atopic allergy and other hypersensitivities. Curr Opin Immunol 1999 11 603-605. 

Malefyt R. Meng Q. Kay AB. Phipps S. Lee TH. Ying S Early production of thymic stromal lymphopoie-tin precedes infiltration of dendritic cells expressing its receptor in allergen-induced late phase cutaneous responses in atopic subjects. Allergy 2009 64 1014-1022. 

Miyachi S, Lessof MH, Kemeny DM, Green LA Comparison of the atopic background between allergic and non-allergic beekeepers. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 1979 58 160-166. 

Settipane GA, Newstead GJ, Boyd GK Frequency of Hymenoptera venom allergy in an atopic and normal population. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1972 50 146-150. Nall TM Analysis of 677 death certificates and 168 autopsies of stinging insects deaths. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1985 75 207. 

BRUNO G, MILITA o, FERRARA M, NISINI R, CANTANI A and BUSINCO L (1993) Prevention of atopic diseases in high-risk babies (long-term follow-up). Allergy Proc. 14 (3) 181-6. 

Viscous middle ear effusions caused by allergy or irritant exposure may contribute to impaired mucociliary clearance and AOM in susceptible individuals.4 OME occurs chronically in atopic children, and effusion can persist for months after an episode of AOM. Children with chronic OME usually require tympanostomy tube placement to reduce complications such as hearing and speech impairment and recurrent otitis media. 

Robinson DS, North J, Zeibecoglou K, et al. Eosinophil development and bone marrow and tissue eosinophils in atopic asthma. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 1999 118(2-4) 98-100. 

Zeibecoglou K, Ying S, Yamada T, et al. Increased mature and immature CCR3 messenger RNA+ eosinophils in bone marrow from patients with atopic asthma compared with atopic and nonatopic control subjects. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999 103(1 Pt 1) 99-106. 

The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) Steering Committee. Worldwide variation in prevalence of symptoms of asthma, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, and atopic eczema ISAAC. Lancet 1998 351 1225-1232. 

Blaser K (ed) T Cell Regulation in Allergy, Asthma and Atopic Skin Diseases. Chem Immunol Allergy. Basel, Karger, 2008, vol 94, pp 1-7... 

Beside the well-established role of Th2 cells in allergy, it also became clear that not only Th2, but also Thl cells can contribute to allergic pathology, specifically in atopic dermatitis such as in acute lesional skin [10], where IFN-y is known to induce cell death in keratinocytes causing the spongiform pathology observed in atopic dermatitis [11]. 

Hashimoto T, Akiyama K. Kobayashi N, Mori A Comparison of IL-17 production by helper T cells among atopic and nonatopic asthmatics and control subjects. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2005 137(suppl l) 51-54. 

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