Allergic alveolitis sensitization

RESPIRATORY SENSITIZER A substance that may cause sensitization on inhalation, causing, e.g., asthma, rhinitis or extrinsic allergic alveolitis. 

All isocyanates are known to cause pulmonary toxicity. Isocyanates are the most common causes of occupational asthma and have led to the development of immediate or late asthma among workers. Isocyanates have caused bronchitis, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, chronic obstructive lung disease, contact sensitivity, dermatitis, allergic alveolitis, and immunologic hemorrhagic pneumonitis.29... 

On admission the first clinical presentation consists mainly of edema, which is of sudden onset and localized to the cervico-fadal region [33]. Dyspnoea, tachypnoea and asphyxia with chest pain following acute PPD poisoning have been reported in a number of studies [6] [12] [28]. PPD was proved to be the cause of asthmatic attacks in the sensitive individuals [46]. A case of Goodpasture s syndrome was reported to be induced by exposure to PPD [47]. Extrinsic allergic alveolitis also has been reported [48]. 

Lung function tests are also of diagnostic value in allergic alveolitis and, if possible, should be carried out in all cases. It is useful to follow the lung function during the recovery phase. The preferable methods are static and dynamic spirometry and measurement of the diffusion capacity of carbon monoxide (DLCO). The latter is the most sensitive test and the capacity can still be reduced after the chest X-ray has become normalized (Tukiainen et al. 1980 Kokkarinen et al. 1993). 

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