Allelopathy in agriculture

Allelopathy in agriculture. Schreiner and his associates published several papers shortly after 1900 which indicated that certain crop plants produce compounds inhibitory to growth of the same and other crop plants (2). McCalla and Duley (43.44) reported the allelopathic effects of decaying wheat residues in 1948-1949, and many papers on allelopathic effects of crop plants have been published in the past three decades. 

Bansal, G.L. The science of allelopathy problems and prospects. In Allelopathy in Agriculture and Forestry. Narwal S.S., Tauro, P. eds. Jodhpur, India Scientific Publishers, 1994. 

Future research. Ample research has been conducted to demonstrate the allelopathic potential of numerous weedy species, and of their associated crops. Future research should be directed to discerning how much of this potential is realized in the field under humid, warm conditions such as that found in the Southeast United States. Newman (33), in a reflective article, concludes that "—it cannot be said with confidence that allelopathy has any significance for agriculture." The evidence so far certainly substantiates his conclusion. To get a better feel for allelopathy in the field, field studies should minimally include the weed and weed residues. 

In this chapter we are focusing on two different plants which appear to express allelopathy in quite different fashions. The first, Parthenium hysterophorus Linn, is recognized in many parts of theworld as causing serious agricultural problems due principally to its invasion of crop lands and the subsequent lowering of crop yields (1). Although this plant is native to the North and Central Americas, it has now been spread to many other... 

This book will serve as ready reference in the laboratory or class room and help to solve many problems of cell studies in agriculture and allied fields including allelopathy. Information provided can be use to determine the effects and mechanism of action of allelochemicals at the cellular levels. It will be useful for undergraduate and graduate students pursuing allelopathic work, plant physiologists, biochemists and other plant science specialists. We have tried to provide appropriate solutions to the problems of cell studies. The users of this book can select suitable methods, according to the available facilities. 

Anaya, A. L., Ramos, L., Hernandez, J. and Ortega, R.C. (1987). Allelopathy in Mexico. In Allelochemicals Role in Agriculture and Forestry G. R. Waller (ed), ACS Symposium Series 330 89-101. American Chemical Society, Washington DC.,USA... 

Fig. 14.1 Utilization of allelopathy in organic weed management. Weed management in organic agriculture includes four groups of different methods for weed reduction. Allelopathy plays an important role in some cultural and biological methods...

Fisk JW, Hesterman OB, Shrestha A, Kells JJ, Harwood RR, Squire JM, Sheaffer CC (2001) Weed suppression by annual legume cover crops in no-tillage com. Agron J 93 319-325 Fujii Y (2003) Allelopathy in the natural and agricultural ecosystems and isolation of potent allelochemicals from velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens) and hairy vetch (Vicia villosa). Biol Sd Space 17 6-13... 

Australian workers have reported allelopathic phenomena in native plant communities, both undisturbed and managed. In agriculture, allelochemicals have been identified with plant interference during life and, from their residues, after death. Bacteria are involved in examples of allelopathy from these several milieux. 

Incorporating allelopathy into agricultural management may reduce the use of herbicides, cause less pollution, and diminish autotoxic hazards. Authentic inhibitors isolated from plant material have been subjects for examination in, vitro, but attempts to compare their effects in soils are limited. Soils contain a heterogeneous collection of organic matter of various origins. 

In indigenous plant communities, allelopathy may determine the distribution patterns of plants in relation to their neighbors, whereas in agriculture and forestry allelopathy may affect yields. For example, weeds with allelopathic potential or crops that produce autotoxic aftereffects may reduce yields Conversely, using crops with the allelopathic potential to decimate weeds may improve yields. 

In this chapter the different roles that allelopathy can play as a bioregulator tool in agriculture are discussed. A wide spectrum of studies are given on allelopathic plants and other organisms, the chemistry involved in these studies, the mechanisms of action of some allelochemicals, and the use of allelopathy to control weeds, pests (nematodes) and diseases. 

Putnam, A.R. Allelopathic research in agriculture, past highlights and potential. In The Chemistry of Allelopathy. Thompson, A.C. ed., Washington DC, USA American Chemical Society. 1985. 

Rice E.L. Allelopathy An overview. Allelochemical Role in agriculture and forestry. American Chemical Society Symposium Series 330,1987 pp. 8-22. 

Hoagland, R.E., Cutler, S.J. Plant microbial compounds as herbicides. In, Allelopathy in Ecological Agriculture and Forestry, Narwal, S.S., Hoagland, R.E., Dilday, R.H., Reigosa, MJ. eds., (Proceedings of the III... 

International Congress on Allelopathy in Ecological Agriculture and Forestry, Dharwad, India. 18-21 August 1998). Kluwer Academic Publications London, 2000 pp.73-99. 

Elliot, L. F. and Cheng, H. H., 1987. Assessment of allelopathy among microbes and plants. In Waller, G. R., (Ed.), Allelochemicals Role in Agriculture and Forestry. ACS Symposium Series No. 330. American Chemical Society, Washington D.C., 504-515... 

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