Agriculture allelopathy

Future research. Ample research has been conducted to demonstrate the allelopathic potential of numerous weedy species, and of their associated crops. Future research should be directed to discerning how much of this potential is realized in the field under humid, warm conditions such as that found in the Southeast United States. Newman (33), in a reflective article, concludes that "—it cannot be said with confidence that allelopathy has any significance for agriculture." The evidence so far certainly substantiates his conclusion. To get a better feel for allelopathy in the field, field studies should minimally include the weed and weed residues. 

Others also have proposed that allelochemicals could prove useful in crcp protection, especially for minimizing the agricultural losses due to insects and nematodes, and for controlling diseases. The USDA Research Planning Conference in 1977 estimated that technological advances could reduce substantially the 30 billion in annual losses caused by pests and the cost of their control (37). This conference proposed the following strategies for research Tn allelopathy. 

In this chapter we are focusing on two different plants which appear to express allelopathy in quite different fashions. The first, Parthenium hysterophorus Linn, is recognized in many parts of theworld as causing serious agricultural problems due principally to its invasion of crop lands and the subsequent lowering of crop yields (1). Although this plant is native to the North and Central Americas, it has now been spread to many other... 

Allelopathy is newly emerging multidisciplinary field of agricultural research. A lot of allelopathy research work has been done in various fields of agriculture and plant sciences. However, standard methods are not being used by workers due to lack of a compendium on the techniques, and hence the results obtained are not easily comparable with each other. This causes problems to researchers working in underdeveloped / third world countries in small towns, where library and research facilities are not available. Therefore, to make available the standard methods for conducting allelopathy research work, this multi-volume book has been planned, with one volume each for each discipline. In all the conferences held since 1990 s a need has always been felt for a manual on allelopathy research methods. This book series aims to provide basic information about various methods to research workers, so that they can conduct research independently without the requirement of sophisticated equipments. The methods have been described in a simple way just like a DO IT YOURSELF book. 

This book will serve as ready reference in the laboratory or class room and help to solve many problems of cell studies in agriculture and allied fields including allelopathy. Information provided can be use to determine the effects and mechanism of action of allelochemicals at the cellular levels. It will be useful for undergraduate and graduate students pursuing allelopathic work, plant physiologists, biochemists and other plant science specialists. We have tried to provide appropriate solutions to the problems of cell studies. The users of this book can select suitable methods, according to the available facilities. 

Anaya, A. L., Ramos, L., Hernandez, J. and Ortega, R.C. (1987). Allelopathy in Mexico. In Allelochemicals Role in Agriculture and Forestry G. R. Waller (ed), ACS Symposium Series 330 89-101. American Chemical Society, Washington DC.,USA... 

Keywords Agriculture Climate change Financial crisis National security Agroforestry Allelopathy Aquaculture Beneficial microorganisms and insects... 

Weed management in organic agriculture use preventive methods such as an appropriate crop rotation, precise soiled preparation before sowing crops, narrow seed spacing, etc. (Labrada 2003). Many of them include ways in which allelopathy (often together with competition) could play an important role (Fig. 14.1). 

Fig. 14.1 Utilization of allelopathy in organic weed management. Weed management in organic agriculture includes four groups of different methods for weed reduction. Allelopathy plays an important role in some cultural and biological methods...

Batish DR, Singh HP, Kohli RK, Kaur S (2001) Crop allelopathy and its role in ecological agriculture. J Crop Prod 4 121-161... 

Chou CH (1995) Allelopathy and sustainable agriculture. In Inderjit KM, Dakshini M, Einhellig FA (eds) Processes and applications. ACS symposium Series 582, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, pp 211-223... 

Fisk JW, Hesterman OB, Shrestha A, Kells JJ, Harwood RR, Squire JM, Sheaffer CC (2001) Weed suppression by annual legume cover crops in no-tillage com. Agron J 93 319-325 Fujii Y (2003) Allelopathy in the natural and agricultural ecosystems and isolation of potent allelochemicals from velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens) and hairy vetch (Vicia villosa). Biol Sd Space 17 6-13... 

IFOAM (2008) The world of organic agriculture. Statistics and emerging trends. International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements, Bonn, Germany, p 272 Inderjit DSO (2003) Ecophysiological aspects of allelopathy. Planta 217 529-539 Inderjit BPC (2004) Sorption of benzoic acid onto soil colloids and its implications for allelopathy studies. Biol Fertil Soils 40 345-348... 

Allelopathy in agriculture. Schreiner and his associates published several papers shortly after 1900 which indicated that certain crop plants produce compounds inhibitory to growth of the same and other crop plants (2). McCalla and Duley (43.44) reported the allelopathic effects of decaying wheat residues in 1948-1949, and many papers on allelopathic effects of crop plants have been published in the past three decades. 

Bell, A. A. In "Report of the Research Planning Conference on the Role of Secondary Compounds in Plant Interactions (Allelopathy)" McWhorter, C. G. Thompson, A. C. Hauser, E. W. Eds. USDA, Agricultural Research Service Tifton, Georgia, 1977 pp. 64-69. 

Australian workers have reported allelopathic phenomena in native plant communities, both undisturbed and managed. In agriculture, allelochemicals have been identified with plant interference during life and, from their residues, after death. Bacteria are involved in examples of allelopathy from these several milieux. 

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