Management agricultural

Tillage is often practiced as a first step in the preparation for a soil bed to be made suitable for seed germination and 

TABLE 26.2 Agricultural Management Strategies Potential Life Cycle Impacts 

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In addition to the interactions between plants and microorganisms, a third factor, the soil, also plays a role in determining root exudation and the activity and diversity of rhizosphere microbial populations. In this section, physical and structural aspects of the soil are discussed in relation to their effects on root exudation and microbial populations. Consideration is also given to the role of agricultural management practices on rhizosphere processes. In addition, the role of other biotic factors, such as microfaunal predation, is discussed in relation to nutrient cycling in the rhizosphere. 

Knisel, W.G., editor (1980). CREAMS. A field scale model for Chemicals, Runoff, and Erosion from Agricultural Management Systems. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC. 

Gagliardi J V and Kams J S (2000), Leaching of Escherichia coli 0157 H7 in Diverse Soils under Various Agricultural Management Practices , Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 66 (3), 877-883. 

Zelles L, Bai QY, Ma RX, Rackwitz R, Winter K, Beese F (1994) Microbial biomass, metabolic activity and nutritional status determined from fatty acid patterns and poly-hydroxtbutyrate in agriculturally-managed soils. Soil Biol Biochem 26 439 446... 

In a carbon constrained economy, the ability to accurately predict the impact of agricultural management, climate, and landscape variability on soil carbon rate constants is needed. A number of different approaches have been used to define rate constant. Some approaches define SOC as a single pool while other approaches... 

VandenBygaart AJ, Gregorich EG, Angers DA (2003) Influence of agricultural management on soil organic carbon a compendium and assessment of Canadian studies. Can J Soil Sci 83 363-380... 

Bossio DA, Scow KM, Gunapala N, Graham KJ (1998) Determinants of soil microbial communities Effects of agricultural management, season, and soil type on phospholipid fatty acid profiles. Microb Ecol 36 1-12... 

Some models like CREAMS (Chemicals, Runoff and Erosion from Agricultural Management systems) are available for simulation of pesticide surface runoff (Knisel, 1980). 

Further detailed studies are required to assess the potential transfer of PCDD/Fs (and other organochlorines) to grazing animals under various agricultural management settings, to enable a fuller evaluation of these issues. 

Incorporating allelopathy into agricultural management may reduce the use of herbicides, cause less pollution, and diminish autotoxic hazards. Authentic inhibitors isolated from plant material have been subjects for examination in, vitro, but attempts to compare their effects in soils are limited. Soils contain a heterogeneous collection of organic matter of various origins. 

Cookson, W.R., Marschner, P., Abaye, D.A., Clark, I.M., Murphy, D.V., Stockdale, E.A. and Watson, C. 2005a. The influence of season, agricultural management and soil properties on gross nitrogen transformations and bacterial community structure. Australian Journal of Soil Research (in press). 

A large fraction of the C02 emitted from soil is derived directly from mineralization of stocked soil organic C (SOC) and can be attributed to agricultural management practices. 

Agricultural management that does not rely on tillage, such as bare-fallow and stubble-mulch practice, can greatly reduce carbon losses (Cambardella and Elliott, 1992). Moreover, converting tilled land to no-till agriculture can lead to rapid... 

Solomon, D., Fritzsche, F.,Tekalign, M., Lehmann, J., and Zech, W. (2002). Soil organic matter composition in the sub-humid Ethiopian highlands as influenced by deforestation and agricultural management. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 66, 68-82. 

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