Alkaloidal amines

Amines are simple compounds derived from ammonia (NH3) in which one or more hydrogen atoms is replaced by carbon. Replacement of one, two or three hydrogen atoms results in primary, secondary and tertiary amines respectively. Amino acids and alkaloids are derived from amines however, in one group of alkaloids the only nitrogen atoms occur in the amino side group attached to a benzene ring—they are not heterocyclic. Hence alkaloidal amines are often regarded as pseudo alkaloids . The precursors for alkaloidal amines are aromatic amino acids—phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan. 

Ephedrine and pseudoephedrine are derived from the aerial parts 

Ephedrine is structurally simple, its aromatic skeleton deriving from phenylalanine, while an extra methyl group (CH3) derives from methionine (Samuelsson 1992). The basic structure occurs in several isomeric forms, one of which (a diastereoisomer) is pseudoephedrine. 

Ephedrine is a sympathomimetic or central nervous system stimulant. It is a potent stimulator of a, pi and p2 adrenergic receptors. The effects include vasoconstriction, raised blood pressure and pulse, bronchodilation and diuresis. Ephedrine-based drugs are used as nasal decongestants, bronchodilators and in anaphylactic shock. In excess they cause insomnia, tachycardia and dizziness. 

Mescaline—from Lophophora ivilliamsii (Cactaceae)— peyote, mescal buttons. This plant is used as a hallucinogen by some native North Americans. 

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Alangine, 771 Alangium lamarckii, 771 Alginine, 732, 734 Alkaloidal amines, 630 Alkaloids of undetermined constitution, 716... 

Alkaloids, amines, drugs, fatty acid methyl esters, hydrocarbons, petroleum products, phenols, solvents, waxes, general purposes... 

SALT. A compound formed by replacement of part or all of the hydrogen of an acid by one (or more) element(s) or radrcal(s) that are essentially inorganic. Alkaloids, amines, pyridines, and other basic organic substances may be regarded as substituted ammonias in this connection. The characteristic properties of salts are the ionic lattice in the solid state and the ability to dissociate completely in solution. The halogen derivatives of hydrocarbon radicals and esters are not regarded as salts in the strict definition of the term,... 

Molecules of nitrogen-containing compounds, such as alkaloids, amines, and peptides, usually contain (under physiological conditions) positively charged N-atoms that can form ionic bonds with negatively charged amino acid residues of glutamic and aspartic acid in proteins. Both the covalent and the noncovalent interactions will modulate the three-dimensional protein structure, that is, the conformation that is so important for the bioactivities of proteins (enzymes. 

Applications of thin-layer and paper chromatography are assodated with many aspects of experimentation in chemistry, biochemistry, pharmacy, medidne, and biology. Extensive tables of Rf values are summarized in the Handbook of Chromatography. They include data for alcohols, alkaloids, amines, amino adds, carboxylic adds, inorganic anions and cations, nitrogen heterocyclics, nucleic... 

Even though many alkaloids (amines) are poisonous, some are used in medicine as analgesics (pain relievers) or anaesthetics, particularly morphine and codeine. 

B. Alkaloids Aminated at C-20.— The i.r. spectrum of cyclomikuranine (204), isolated from B. microphylla, shows a six-membered-ring ketone, and the mass spectrum shows a 20-dimethylamino-group. The negative Cotton curve is typical of a 4,4-dimethyl-3-oxo-5a-steroid. N.m.r. indicates an NMc2 group as well as a 16a-OH group. 

Silica gel Alcohols, aldehydes, alkaloids, amines, amino acids, amphetamines, antibiotics, antioxidants, barbiturates, carbohydrates, flavonoids, herbicides, heterocyclic compounds, hydrocarbons, indoles, insecticides, ketones, lipids, nitro compounds, organic acids, peroxides, pesticides, phenols, plasticizers, polypeptides, steroids, terpenes, unsaturated compounds, vitamins. 

Aluminum oxide Alcohols, alkaloids, amines (strongly basic), tmtioxidants, herbicides, heterocyclics, peptides, polyalcohols, steroids, terpenes, vitamins. 

Although the term N. p. is now used almost exclusively for specific organic compounds of natural origin, in the past substances of mineral origin were also included. Natural products can be classified, for example, according to a) their chemical structure e. g., alkaloids, amines, amino acids, aromatic compounds, fatty acids. 

Alkaloid Amine that occurs naturally in plants. The name derives from the fact that such compounds are weak bases. 

Alkaloidal amines are methylated xanthines forming weak bases that are pharmacologically active. There are three methylxanthines and all are present in our most popular stimulant beverages—coffee and tea. 

Alkaloidal amines biosynthesis Dopamine, colchicine, ephedrine, methaphetamine... 

Sulphuric acid (charring reagent) alicyclic amines Alkaloids, amines... 

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