Amines alkaloids

The blue derivatives formed with the reagent by alkaloids remain stable for at least one day and usually much longer (cover the chromatogram with a glass plate) [2, 6, 7]. The shade of color produced can be affected by fluorescence indicators incorporated in the silica gel layer [7]. Tertiary amine alkaloids do not react at room temperature with the acetaldehyde-containing reagent [2]. 

The detection limits (substance per chromatogram zone) are 10 to 20 ng for arom amines [1], 100 ng for phenothiazines [8], 0.5 to 2 pg for secondary amine alkaloids 5 to 50 pg for N-ethyl derivatives [7], 1 to 3 pg for penicillins [10], 1 to 4 pg for dime and 1 to 2 pg for a range of steroids [9]. There have been some repmrts of apprecis lower detection limits of 40-400 ng substance per chromatogram zone and even less alkaloids [6]. 

A. flos-aquae Strain NRC-44-1 (Canada, Saskatchewan) Anatoxin-A Secondary amine alkaloid, MW 165 200... 

Two general classes of alkaloids are distinguished in ergot amine alkaloids and amino acid alkaloids (table 5.9) (Peroutka 1996). While the amine alkaloids are selective for antagonist effects on serotonin receptors, the amino acid alkaloids are less selective and act upon other monoamine receptors. The constituents of interest for cognitive enhancement are predominantly the amine alkaloids. 

Atropine and its naturally occurring congeners are tertiary amine alkaloid esters of tropic acid (Figure 8-1). Atropine (hyoscyamine) is found in the plant Atropa belladonna, or deadly nightshade, and in Datura stramonium, also known as jimsonweed (Jamestown weed), sacred Datura, or thorn apple. Scopolamine (hyoscine) occurs in Hyoscyamus niger, or henbane, as the /(-) stereoisomer. Naturally occurring atropine is /(-)-hyoscyamine, but the compound readily racemizes, so the commercial material is racemic d,/-hyoscyamine. The /(-) isomers of both alkaloids are at least 100 times more potent than the d(+) isomers. 

Two major families of compounds that incorporate the tetracyclic ergoline nucleus may be identified the amine alkaloids and the peptide alkaloids (Table 16-6). Drugs of therapeutic and toxicologic importance are found in both groups. 

The ergot alkaloids are variably absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. The oral dose of ergotamine is about 10 times larger than the intramuscular dose, but the speed of absorption and peak blood levels after oral administration can be improved by administration with caffeine (see below). The amine alkaloids are also absorbed from the rectum and the buccal cavity and after administration by aerosol inhaler. Absorption after intramuscular injection is slow but usually reliable. Bromocriptine and cabergoline are well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. 

Some Naturally Occurring Amines. Alkaloids and Related Compounds... 

SOME NATURALLY OCCURRING AMINES. ALKALOIDS AND RELATED COMPOUNDS... 

Ghayurefo/. (2005)reportedthe hypotensive, endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilator and cardio-suppressant and stimulant effects of aqueous extract (Zo. Cr) of ginger. Zo.Cr, which tested positive for saponins, flavonoids, amines, alkaloids and terpenoids, induced a dose-dependent... 

Wentland et al. utilized the BINAP/Pd-protocol to derivatize the opioid cycla-zodne with several amines. For example, the desired aminated alkaloid was obtained in 66% yield, Eq. (117) [84]. 

Aliphatic and aromatic amines, alkaloids, amino adds, amino sugars, carboxylic and sul-fanfiic adds, drugs, indole derivatives, nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides, peptides, dipeptides, polypeptides, phenols, phenothiazine bases, steroids, sulfonamides, water-soluble food dyes... 

Polycyclic amine alkaloids (3-alkylpiperidine alkaloids) containing a complex skeleton with several macrocyclic rings have been isolated from marine sponges. They include manzamines, sarains, haliclamine A and ingenamines. Their structures, synthesis and biochemical aspects have been recently reviewed [35]. Our focus, therefore, is on the biogenetic origin of the bis-pyridinium macrocycle and on the role of precursors in their biosynthesis, as summarized in the retrosynthetic analysis for manzamines demonstrated schematically in Fig.(23). 

Indications Management of the third stage of labor and in the treatment of post-partum hemorrhage Category Amine alkaloid Half-life N/A... 

B. Naturally Occurring Heterocyclic Amines Alkaloids Alkaloids are defined as plant-produced nitrogenous bases that have... 

Cordon, B.M. and C.H. Creene Determination of nicotine, nomicotine, and other secondary amine alkaloids in tobacco RDM, 1980, No. 29, September 16, see www. ijrtdocs.com 500617977 -7985 35th Tobacco Chemists Research Conference, Program Booklet and Abstracts, Vol. 35, Paper No. 25, 1981, p. 13. 

Muscarinic agonist prototype tertiary amine alkaloid. May cause paradoxic hypertension by activating muscarinic excitatory postsynaptic potential receptors in postganglionic sympathetic neurons. Used in glaucoma. Tox muscarinic excess. 

The absolute configuration of vincamine and hence the other eburn-amine alkaloids has been accomplished by showing that the optical rotatory dispersion curve of ( —)-l,l-diethyl-l,2,3,4,6,7,12,12b-octa-hydroindolo[2,3a]quinolizine (XVI) (mp 105°-106°) obtained by a Wolf-Kishner reaction on (— )-eburnamonine was enantiomeric with (-I-)-l,2,3,4-tetrahydroharman (XVII) (24). The i -configuration has to be ascribed to the latter compound because it has been converted into V-carboxyethyl-D-alanine (XVIII) of known absolute configuration (24). This work, with the exception of the Schizozygia alkaloids, establishes the absolute configurations of the eburnamine alkaloids since they have all been interrelated. 

POLYCYCLIC AMINE ALKALOIDS (3-ALKYLPIPERIDBVE ALKALOIDS) - NOVEL MARINE BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS STRUCTURE, SYNTHESIS AND BIOCHEMICAL ASPECTS... 

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