Alkaloid antiparasitic

Quinine isolated from Cinchona succirubra represents the oldest example of quinoline alkaloids antiparasitic effects, particularly antiplasmodial activity it has been used to treat malaria for more than three centuries. Other quinoline alkaloids such as 2- -propylquinoline, chimanine B, 2-n-pentylquinoline, and 4-methoxy-2-phenylquinoline have been also shown to be effective against strains of parasites causing cutaneous leishmaniasis [189,190] (Fig. 25). 

The pomegranate alkaloids, pelletierine (46) and pseudopelletierine (48) as well as minor accompanying bases, have a long history as salts of tannic acid as an anthelmintic mixture for intestinal pinworms (see Antiparasitic AGENTS, ANTHELMINTICS). The alkaloids themselves (as the taimates) are obtained from pomegranate tree (Punkagranatum L.) root bark and are among the few bases named after an individual (P. J. Pelletier) rather than a plant. 

Quetin-Ledercq J (1994) Potential anticancer and antiparasitic indole alkaloids. J Pharm Belg 49(3) 181-192... 

Copp, B. R., Kayser, O., Brun, R. and Kiderlen, A. F. 2003. Antiparasitic activity of marine pyridoacridone alkaloids related to the ascididemins. Planta Medica, 69 527-531. 

Piper guineense Schumach et Thonn West African black pepper, Ashanti pepper Piperaceae Neuromuscular activity, contraceptive, antiparasitic, aphrodisiac Abdominal disorders, chest complaints, used as an enema. Bronchitis, Headache, An1helmintic,Caries, diarrhea, hemorrhoids, antibiotic. Alkaloidal amide, 12, 16, 17... 

Spigelia anthelmia Lonaniaceae Worm expeller, antiparasitic, sore throat, chest complaints,. Alkaloid, saponon, tannin, steroids, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides. 17, 21... 

Extracts of some amaryllids, as well as alkaloids isolated therefrom, have exhibited various biological activities. These activities cover central nervous system, antitumor, antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antiparasitic conditions 8, 18, 52, 53, 54). However, the more recently demonstrated potent anticancer activity of pancratistatin 14 and the selective, reversible acetylcholinestrase (ACHE) inhibitory activity of galanthamine 5 has fuelled the search for bioactive Amaryllidaceae alkaloids toward the development of antitumor and anti-Alzheimer s drags 55). 

The ipecac alkaloids constitute another group of natural products, which have been used to cure protozoal diseases for centuries. The curative effects of the powdered roots of the herb igecaca had been known to ancient Brazilian Indians [14]. Like cinchona, the powdered roots of this plant became a popular antiparasitic drug after it was used to cure Danphin, the son of Louis XIV. The use of ipecac in human... 

With a few exceptions, such as the alkaloid emetine and the antiparasitic ivermectin. 

The mechanistically unusual antineoplastic product taxol (124), a diterpene-alkaloid, inhibits depolymerization of tubulin also in Plasmodium, Trypanosoma and Leishmania parasites, acting at concentrations as low as 0.1 /xM. Because of toxicity reasons, this compound does not seem to be a particular attractive candidate for further development as antiparasitic agent. 

Q. is used in the food industry as a bitter principle, according to legal regulations brandies may contain up to 50 mg/L Q. as bitter component. Q. has a bitter taste even at a dilution of 1 60 000. In mammals Q. can effect a decrease in heart rate and, at higher concentrations, muscular convulsions and paralyses. The commercially available quassin is a mixture of quassin, neoquassin, isoquassin, and 18-hydroxy-quassin. Q. can be used as a substitute for emetine hydrochloride (see ipecac alkaloids). Some pentacyclic Q. have antiviral, antiparasitic, insecticidal, antifeedant, amoebicidic, and anti-inflammatory activities. 

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