Emetine hydrochloride

EXPECTORANTS, ANTITUSSIVES AND RELATED AGENTS] (Vol 9) Emetine hydrochloride [316-42-7]... 

Extraintestiaal (eg, hepatic) amebiasis is treated with metronidazole and can be followed by iodoquiaol or a combination of dehydroemetiae or emetine hydrochloride with chloroquiae phosphate. Iodoquiaol is the dmg of choice for asymptomatic amebiasis, whereas ddoxanide furoate (9, Furamide) has been used successftiUy to treat symptomatic and asymptomatic intestinal amebic cyst carriers. 

Dose. Up to 60 mg of emetine hydrochloride daily, subcutaneously or intramuscularly, for no longer than 10 days. 

Methixene Hydrochloride Phenylmethylbarbituric Acid 235-255 Emetine Hydrochloride (dried)... 

Emetine dihydrochloride, 581 Emetine hydrochloride, 581 Emex, 430 Emfabid, 561... 

SYNS AMEBICIDE EMETINE, DIHYDROCHLORIDE (-)-EMETINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE EMETINE HYDROCHLORIDE NSC-33669... 

Cephaeline (2), psychotrine (3), O-methylpsychotrine (4), emetamine (5), and rubremetine (126) (7) were found as decomposition products from emetine hydrochloride injection solutions stored in a light stability cabinet at room temperature, 8°C, and 37 C 107). Teshima et al. 101) investigated the stabilizing effects of /3-, y-, and 2,6-dimethyl-/3-cyclodextrins against the photodegradation and thermal degradation of cephaeline (2) in aqueous solution. 

O-methylpsychotrine, and emetamine [7], Fig. (2), emetine and cephaeline being the principal active ingredients. Emetine having a more expectorant and less emetic action than cephaeline is the most commonly used alkaloid in medicine [8], Emetine hydrochloride is used in the treatment of amoebic dysentery by injection. Strong emetic action of the alkaloids characterizes an ipecac syrup that is the first choice of drug in the case of infant intoxication [9]. 

Windaus and Hermanns (25, 26) subsequently obtained m-hemi-pinimide by oxidizing emetine hydrochloride with potassium permanganate in aqueous solution, and Hermanns by oxidation with chromic acid isolated a product which was subsequently shown to be 4,5-dimethoxy-phthalonimide. 

Formulas VIII and IX were designed to account for the formation of one of the dehydrogenation products of emetine, namely rubremetine (13) which is derived from emetine by the loss of 411. It has been obtained by Carr and Pyman as a crystalhne chloride of the formula C29H33O4N2CI. Rubremetine can be prepared in a yield of 35% by the action of an aqueous solution of ferric chloride at the boiling point on emetine hydrochloride. The bromide and iodide can be obtained from the chloride by treatment with the corresponding potassium halides. 

Q. is used in the food industry as a bitter principle, according to legal regulations brandies may contain up to 50 mg/L Q. as bitter component. Q. has a bitter taste even at a dilution of 1 60 000. In mammals Q. can effect a decrease in heart rate and, at higher concentrations, muscular convulsions and paralyses. The commercially available quassin is a mixture of quassin, neoquassin, isoquassin, and 18-hydroxy-quassin. Q. can be used as a substitute for emetine hydrochloride (see ipecac alkaloids). Some pentacyclic Q. have antiviral, antiparasitic, insecticidal, antifeedant, amoebicidic, and anti-inflammatory activities. 

Ipecac is obtained from the dried rhizome and roots of Cephaelis ipecacuanha (Rubiaceae), a low bush indigenous to Brazil. Ipecac contains five isoquinoline alkaloids, including emetine, cephaline and psychotrine. Emetine hydrochloride is used as an antiprotozoal agent. Syrup of ipecac is an emetic and poison antidote. 

Machovi ova [128] has compared PC and TLC for testing the stability of emetine hydrochloride solutions for injection. She showed amongst other things that TLC is far better than PC for determining the purity of the emetine. 

Emetine hydrochloride is used to treat amebic infections however, the clinical use of etnetine and related compounds is limited because of severe side effects. ... 

Crude and extracts. Crude and syrup as well as emetine hydrochloride are official in U.S.P. ... 

Ashworth and Foster found that when emetine hydrochloride is examined for cephaeline by extracting with chloroform, little if any cephaeline is found but its presence is nearly always indicated when ether is used. The B.P, uses the latter solvent in this test ... 

Injection of Emetine, B.P. This is a sterile solution of emetine hydrochloride in water for injection and usually contains 60 mg in each ml. It is... 

For emetine Transfer 0-5 g to a separator with the aid of a little 90 per cent ethanol, add 20 ml of water, 10 ml of 20 per cent sodium hydroxide solution and 75 ml of ether and shake at intervals during half an hour until no trace of red colour remains. Complete as under Emetine Hydrochloride, above, beginning with Extract the alkaloids completely. . . 1 ml 0-lN HCl - 0-02403 g of C29H40O4N2. 

The assay is based on that for emetine hydrochloride. After complete extraction with ether from sodium hydroxide the extracts are washed free from alkali with a mixture of equal volumes of brine and water. The washings are extracted with ether, this extract is added to the main ether extracts and the mixture is then shaken first with O IN hydrochloric acid and then with water, combined acid and aqueous extracts are warmed to remove dissolved ether and the excess acid is titrated with 0 02N sodium hydroxide. 1 ml 0-02N HCl - 0-004807 g C29H40O4N2. 

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