Alkaline-manganese dioxide primary batteries types

Varta Batteries Ltd, 4 Lansing Square, Suite 237, Willowdale, Ontario, M2J ITl Primary batteries, zinc-alkaline manganese dioxide, mercuiy -zinc, carbon-zinc Leclanchd, magnesium types, lithium types, silver oxide-zinc, zinc chloride Leclanchd, zinc-air. 

La Pile Leclanche, Department Piles de SAFT, 156 Avenue de Metz, Romainville 93239 Primary batteries, zinc-alkaline manganese dioxide, carbon-zinc Leclanche, lithium types (lithium-iead bisiiiuthate, lithium-silver chromate). 

Varta SpA, Via Teitulliano 70, 20137 Milan Primary batteries, zinc—alkaline manganese dioxide, mercury—zinc, carbon—zinc Leclanche, magnesium types, hthium types, silver oxide—zinc, zinc chloride Leclancti6, zinc—air, secondary batteries, alkaline, nickel—iron, nickel—cadmium, silver—zinc, silver—cadmium. 

Primary batteries, zinc-alkaline manganese dioxide, mercury-zinc Leclanchd, magnesium types secondary batteries, nickel-cadmium. 

Primary batteries, zinc-alkaline manganese dioxide, mereury-zinc, carbon-zinc Leclanche, magnesium types, zinc chloride Leclanche secondary batteries, alkaline, nickel-iron, nickel-cadmium, silver-zinc, sealed lead-acid. 

Primary alkaline cells use sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide as tlie electrolyte. They can be made using a variety of chemistries and physical constructions. The alkaline cells of the 1990s are mostly of the limited electrolyte, dry cell type. Most primary alkaline cells are made sing zinc as the anode material a variety of cathode materials can be used. Primary alkaline cells are commonly divided into tW o classes, based on type of construction the larger, cylindrically shaped batteries, and the miniature, button-type cells. Cylindrical alkaline batteries are mainly produced using zinc-manganese dioxide chemistry, although some cylindrical zinc-mercury oxide cells are made. 

The more familiar types of primary alkaline systems are the zinc/manganese dioxide, zinc/ mercuric oxide, and zinc/silver oxide batteries. These, typically, use potassium or sodium hydroxides, in concentrations from 25 to 40% hy weight, as the electrolyte, which functions primarily as an ionic conductor and is not consumed in the discharge process. In simple form, the overall discharge reaction for these metal oxide cells can be stated as... 

Within each Part, chapters are included on all available types of primary batteries, secondary batteries and batteries available in primary and secondary versions. The primary batteries include carbon-zinc, carbon-zinc chloride, mercury-zinc and other mercury types, manganese dioxide-magnesium perchlorate, magnesium organic, lithium types (sulphur dioxide, thionyl chloride, vanadium pentoxide, iodine and numerous other lithium types), thermally activated and seawater batteries. Batteries available in primary and secondary Corms include alkaline manganese, silver-zinc, silver-cadmium, zinc-air and cadmium-air. The secondary batteries discussed include lead-acid, the nickel types (cadmium, iron, zinc, hydrogen), zinc-chlorine, sodium-sulphur and other fast ion types. 

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