Batteries zinc/silver oxide

P.E. Streigle, Activator Investigation For A Silver Oxide—Zinc Battery (U) , Catalyst Research Corp, Md, Rept No 2, AADLPA Contract No DA-28-017-AMC-3433(A) (1967)... 

Often, the oxides of certain metals are used as the oxidizer. In the names of systems and batteries, though, often only the metal is stated, so that the example reported above is called a silver-zinc, rather than silver oxide-zinc battery (or system). 

The silver oxide-zinc battery used in hearing aids delivers a voltage of 1.60 V. Calculate the free-energy change (in kilojoules) for the cell reaction... 

E. A. Megeihed emd D. C. Davig, Rayovac s Diveilent Silver Oxide-Zinc Batteries, Progress in Batteries and Solar Cells. Vol. 4, pp. 83-86 (1982). 

Remotely activated silver oxide-zinc batteries... 

The button cells that provide the energy for watches, electronic calculators, hearing aids, and pacemakers are commonly alkaline systems of the silver oxide-zinc or mercuric oxide-zinc variety. These alkaline systems provide a vei y high energy density, approximately four times greater than that of the alkaline zinc-manganese dioxide battery. 

The capacity of single-use alkaline zinc-air cells is twice that of manganese dioxide-zinc cells. They cost less than silver oxide-Zn batteries or Li batteries. The best example of consumer usage is the hearing-aid button cell. In sealed condition it can be... 

J.J. Lander, R. D. Weaver, A.J. Salkind, J.J. Kelley in Characteristics of Separators for Alkaline Silver Oxide Zinc Secondary Batteries. Screening Methods (Eds. J.E. Cooper, A. Fleischer), NASA Technical Report NAS 5-2860,1964. 

Silver(II) oxide is used to make silver oxide-zinc alkali batteries. Also, it is an oxidizing agent. 

Various problems related to the construction and performances of these batteries, such as changes in materials of membranes and additives both to the electrode materials and to the electrolyte, were studied in recent years. Some instability of the silver electrode during such storage period and the ways of avoiding these difficulties were studied and discussed [347]. Reserve activated silver oxide-zinc cells were constructed [348] with synthetic Ag20 and Pb-treated zinc electrodes were produced by a nonelec-trolytic process. The cells were tested before and after thermally accelerated aging. 

Zinc-silver oxide reserve batteries have application as power sources for various systems in manned and unmanned space vehicles. 

In silver batteries, the silver oxide-zinc secondary batter has found its place in applications where energy delivered per unit of weight and space is of prime importance. The major disadvantages lie in their high cost and relatively short life. Consequently, a large pari of the silver battery market is concerned with defense and space components, See also Batteries. 

Fig. 15.10. Two batteries in common use (a) The cylindrical Leclanche battery (b) The silver oxide/zinc button cell.

Silver [7440-22-4], Ag, as an active material in electrodes was first used by Volta, but the first intensive study using silver as a storage battery electrode was reported in 1889 (5) using silver oxide—iron and silver oxide—copper combinations. Work on silver oxide—cadmium followed. In the 1940s, the use of a semipermeable membrane combined with limited electrolyte was introduced by Andm in the silver oxide—zinc storage battery. 

USE In the manuf of silver oxide-zinc alkali batteries. 

Batteries. Primary, ie, nonrechargeable, batteries containing silver compounds have gained in popularity through use in miniaturized electronic devices. The silver oxide—zinc cell has a cathode of Ag-O or AgO. These cells are characterized by a high eneigy output per unit weight and a fairly... 

Silver oxide/zinc can be manufactured in rechargeable cells with free potassium hydroxide electrolyte and pasted rectangular electrodes. Such cells are expensive but have a good energy density compared with Pb/acid or Ni/Cd (70 Wh kg ) and are also capable of high discharge rates for short periods. Other alkaline secondary batteries which have been manufactured include NiO(OH)/Zn, NiO(OH)/Fe and Ag2 0/Cd. 

Lander JJ, Weaver RD, Salkind AJ, Kelley JJ (1964) In Cooper JE, Fleischer A (eds) Characteristics of separators for alkaline silver oxide zinc secondary batteries. Screening methods. NASA Technical Report NAS 5-2860... 

Zinc/silver oxide button batteries are used in calculators and watches. Although the silver component makes them expensive, this is outweighed by their high performance. The battery uses KOH as the electrolyte, and the overall cell reaction is ... 

ANSI C18.1M, Part 1 Standard for Portable Primary CeUs and Batteries with Aqueous Electrolyte Zinc-carbon Alkaline-manganese dioxide Silver oxide Zinc/air... 

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